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Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Atlanta Airport" redirects here. For other airports serving Atlanta, see List of airports in the Atlanta area. For other uses, see Atlanta Airport (disambiguation).
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport


IATA: ATL – ICAO: KATL – FAA: ATL
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner City of Atlanta
Operator Department of Aviation
Serves Atlanta, Georgia
Location unincorporated areas, Atlanta, College Park, and Hapeville
Fulton & Clayton Counties
Hub for AirTran Airways
Delta Air Lines

Elevation AMSL 1,026 ft / 313 m
Coordinates 33°38′12″N 084°25′41″W / 33.63667°N 84.42806°W / 33.63667; -84.42806
Website www.atlanta-airport.com
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
8L/26R 9,000 2,743 Concrete
8R/26L 10,000 3,048 Concrete
9L/27R 11,890 3,624 Concrete
9R/27L 9,000 2,743 Concrete
10/28 9,000 2,743 Concrete
Helipads
Number Length Surface
ft m
H1 52 16 Asphalt
Statistics (2008)
Aircraft operations 978,824
Source: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport[1]
Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport's Diagram
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATL, ICAO: KATL, FAA LID: ATL), known locally as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield Airport, and Hartsfield–Jackson, is located seven miles (11 km) south of the central business district of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic, serving 90 million passengers per year, as well as by number of landings and take-offs.[2] The airport is the primary hub of Delta Air Lines, AirTran Airways, Delta Connection under the Shuttle America name, and Delta Connection partner Atlantic Southeast Airlines; the Delta hub is the world's largest airline hub. Delta Air Lines flew 55.4% of passengers from the airport in 2008, AirTran flew 19.27%, and Atlantic Southeast Airlines flew 12.94%.[1] The airport has 151 domestic and 28 international gates.[3]

Hartsfield–Jackson held its ranking as the world's busiest airport in 2008, both in terms of passengers and number of flights, by accommodating 90 million passengers and 978,824 flights.[1] Many of the nearly one million flights are domestic flights from within the United States where Atlanta serves as a major hub for travel throughout the Southern United States.

Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport has international service to North America, South America, Central America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. As an international gateway to the United States, Hartsfield–Jackson ranks seventh; John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City is first.[4] However, the airport is increasingly becoming a major gateway for international flights; 2008 saw international traffic jump 3.18 percent over the previous year, with more than 4.6 million passengers boarding international flights.[1]

The airport is located mostly in unincorporated areas in Fulton and Clayton counties; the city limits of Atlanta,[5] College Park,[6] and Hapeville extend to the airport grounds.[7] The airport is reachable by train on MARTA.

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Expansion
2.1 Hartsfield–Jackson Rental Car Center
2.2 Maynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr. International Terminal
3 Layout
3.1 The Automated People Mover
3.2 MARTA Station
4 Main Terminal and baggage claim
4.1 North Terminal
4.2 South Terminal
5 Terminals, airlines, and destinations
5.1 Concourse T
5.2 Concourse A
5.3 Concourse B
5.4 Concourse C
5.5 Concourse D
5.6 International Concourse E
5.7 Atlantic Aviation
6 Cargo airlines
7 Accidents and incidents
7.1 Accidents en route
7.2 Incidents
7.3 Chemical spills
7.4 Security incidents
7.5 Crime
7.6 Lightning strike
8 In culture
9 Other notes
10 See also
11 References
12 External links


[edit] History
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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009)

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport's Air Traffic Control TowerHartsfield–Jackson had its beginnings with a five-year, rent free lease on 287 acres (116 ha) that had been the home of an abandoned auto racetrack. The lease was signed on April 16, 1925, by Mayor Walter Sims, who committed the city to develop it into an airfield. As part of the agreement, the property was renamed Candler Field after its former owner, Coca-Cola tycoon and former Atlanta mayor Asa Candler. The first flight into Candler Field was on September 15, 1926, a Florida Airways mail plane flying from Jacksonville, Florida. In May 1928, Pitcairn Aviation began service to Atlanta, followed in June 1930 by Delta Air Service. Later these two airlines, known as Eastern Air Lines and Delta Air Lines, respectively, would both use Atlanta as their chief hubs.[citation needed]

It was a busy airport from its inception and by the end of 1930 it placed third behind New York City and Chicago for regular daily flights with sixteen arriving and departing.[8] Candler Field's first control tower was opened March 1939.[9]

See also: Atlanta Army Airfield
In October 1940 the U.S. government declared it an military airfield and the United States Army Air Force operated Atlanta Army Airfield jointly with Candler Field. The Air Force used the airport primarily for the servicing of transient aircraft, with many different types of combat aircraft being maintained at the airport. During World War II, the airport doubled in size and set a record of 1,700 takeoffs and landings in a single day, making it the nation's busiest airport in terms of flight operation. Atlanta Army Airfield closed after war's end.[9]

In 1946 Candler Field was renamed Atlanta Municipal Airport. In 1948, more than one million passengers passed through a war surplus hangar that served as a terminal building. On June 1, 1956, an Eastern Airlines flight to Montreal, Canada was the first international flight out of Atlanta. In 1957, Atlanta had its first jet flight: a Sud Aviation Caravelle from Washington D.C. That same year, work on a new terminal began to help alleviate congestion. Atlanta was the busiest airport in the country with more than two million passengers passing through that year and, between noon and 2 p.m. each day, it became the busiest airport in the world.[9]

On May 3, 1961, a new $21 million terminal opened, the largest in the country, being able to accommodate over six million travelers a year. The new airport was stretched past its capacity the very first year when nine and half million people passed through.[10] In 1967, the city of Atlanta and the airlines began to work on a master plan for future development of Atlanta Municipal Airport.[citation needed]

Construction had begun on the present midfield terminal in January 1977 under the administration of Mayor Maynard Jackson. It was the largest construction project in the South, costing $500 million. Named for former Atlanta mayor William Berry Hartsfield, who did much to promote air travel, William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport opened on September 21, 1980, on-time and under budget.[11] It was designed to accommodate up to 55 million passengers per year and covered 2.5 million square feet (230,000 m²). In December 1984 a 9000-foot (3 km) fourth parallel runway was completed, and another runway was extended to 11,889 feet (3.6 km) the following year.[9]

In May 2001, construction of a 9,000-foot (2,700 m) fifth runway (10-28) began. It was completed at a cost of $1.28 billion and opened on May 27, 2006,[12] and was the first runway added since 1984. It bridges Interstate 285 (the Perimeter) on the south side of the airport. The massive project, which involved putting fill dirt eleven stories high in some places, destroyed some surrounding neighborhoods, and dramatically changed the scenery of two cemeteries on the property, Flat Rock Cemetery and Hart Cemetery.[13] It was added to help ease some of the traffic problems caused by landing small- and mid-size aircraft on the longer runways which are also used by larger planes such as the Boeing 777, which generally require longer takeoff distances than the smaller planes. With the fifth runway, Hartsfield–Jackson is one of only a few airports that can perform triple simultaneous landings.[14] The fifth runway is expected to increase the capacity for landings and take-offs by 40%, from an average of 184 flights per hour to 237 flights per hour.[15]

Along with the construction of the fifth runway, a new control tower was built to see the entire length of the runway. The new control tower is the tallest airport control tower in the United States, with a height of over 398 feet (121 m). The old control tower, 585 feet (178 m) away from the new control tower, was demolished August 5, 2006.[citation needed]

In 2003, Atlanta's city council voted on October 20 to change the name from Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport to the current Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, in honor of former mayor Maynard Jackson, the first African-American mayor of Atlanta, who had died on June 23, 2003. The council had initially planned on renaming the airport solely for Mayor Jackson, but public outcry,[16] especially by Mayor Hartsfield's descendants, prompted the compromise.[17]

In April 2007, an "end-around taxiway" opened, called Taxiway Victor. It is expected to save an estimated $26 million to $30 million in fuel by allowing airplanes landing on the northernmost runway to taxi to the gate area without preventing other aircraft from taking off. The taxiway drops approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) from the runway elevation to allow takeoffs to continue.[18]

As a result of the Southeastern U.S. drought of 2007, the airport (the eighth-largest water user in the state) has made changes to reduce water usage. This includes adjusting toilets, of which there are 725 commodes and 338 urinals, in addition to 601 sinks. (The two terminals alone use 917,000 gallons or about 3.5 million liters each day in average.) It also suspended the practice of using firetrucks to spray water over aircraft when the pilot made a last landing before retirement (a water salute).[19][20] The city of Macon offered to sell water to the airport, through a proposed pipeline.[21]

The airport today employs approximately 55,300 airline, ground transportation, concessionaire, security, federal government, City of Atlanta and Airport tenant employees and is considered the largest employment center in the State of Georgia. With a payroll of $2.4 billion, the airport has a direct and indirect economic impact of $3.2 billion on the local and regional economy and a total annual, regional economic impact of more than $19.8 billion.[22]

[edit] Expansion
This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009)

Sign installation visible from departing flights, emphasizing the presence of Delta Air Lines.
A view of the International Concourse E and Control Tower at nightIn 1999, Hartsfield–Jackson's leadership established the Development Program: "Focus On the Future" involving multiple construction projects with the intention of preparing the airport to handle a projected demand of 121 million passengers in 2015. The program was originally budgeted at $5.4 billion over a ten-year period, but due to project delays and increased construction costs, the total is now projected at over $9 billion.[23]

[edit] Hartsfield–Jackson Rental Car Center
See Also: ATL Skytrain

The Hartsfield–Jackson Rental Car Center, scheduled for completion by November 2009, will house all ten current airport rental agencies with capacity for additional companies.[24] The complex will feature 9,900 parking spaces split up between two four-story parking decks that together cover 2.8 million square feet, a 137,000 square foot customer service center, and a maintenance center for vehicles, which will feature 140 gas pumps,and 30 bays for washing, each one equipped with a water recovery system.[24] The automated people mover, nicknamed the ATL Skytrain (using Mitsubishi Crystal Mover) will connect the facility to the airport and to the Gateway Center of the Georgia International Convention Center and the Hartsfield–Jackson Rental Car Center.[24] A four-lane roadway will also be built across Interstate 85 to connect the Hartsfield–Jackson Rental Car Center to the existing airport road network.[25]

[edit] Maynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr. International Terminal

New terminalexterior renderingIn July 2003, current Atlanta mayor Shirley Franklin announced a new terminal to be named the Maynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr.. The new international terminal would be built on the east side of the airport near International Concourse E, on a site that has been occupied by air cargo facilities and the midfield control tower. It would add twelve new gates able to hold wide-body jets, as well as new check-in desks and a baggage claim area solely for international carriers. Additionally, the international terminal would have its own parking lot just for international passengers with over 1,100 spots. Arriving international passengers whose final destination is Atlanta will be able to keep possession of their luggage as they proceed to exit the airport. The new terminal will be affixed to Terminal E by the people mover tram and will also have new ground transportation access from I-75.[26]

It was slated to open in 2006. However, time and cost overruns led general manager Ben DeCosta to cancel the design contract in August 2005. The very next day the company sued the airport claiming "fraud" and "bad faith", blaming the airport authority for the problems.[27] Recently, Ben DeCosta awarded a new design contract on the new international terminal to Atlanta Gateway Designers (AGD). Current estimates place the terminal's cost at $1.4 billion and expected to open in 2011.[23][28]

Also scheduled to be completed after the new international terminal and concourse is a new terminal south of the current terminals. The new terminal is expected to include up to 70 gates.[29] The project is currently known as the South Gate Complex, and is estimated to cost around $1.8 billion. The new terminal will be connected to the main terminal by an expanded automated people mover system. [30]

[edit] Layout

The Transportation Mall. The portion between Concourse T and Concourse A also includes African-themed artwork and photographsHartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has terminal and concourse space totaling 5.8 million square feet (~0.54 km²).[3] The airport has two terminals where passengers check in and claim bags, the North Terminal and the South Terminal. The two terminals are parts of a larger building. The portions of the building in between the two terminals include the Atrium (which has a large, open seating area, concessionaires and a bank), the main security checkpoint, car rental agencies and a MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority) train station.[31]

Six concourse buildings, parallel to one another, exist for passenger boarding. The first concourse is directly connected to the main terminal, and is known as the T-Gates (for Terminal). The remaining five concourses are arranged successively in distance from the terminal as Concourses A, B, C, D, and E.[3] Concourse E is the international terminal, and was opened in 1994 in time for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, which were held in Atlanta .[32] The concourses are connected by an underground Transportation Mall, which begins at the main terminal and passes under the center of each concourse.[33] There used to be a second underground walkway between Concourses B and C located at the north end of the two concourses, that made it possible to transfer without returning all the way to the center of the concourse. This was originally constructed for Eastern Airlines, who occupied these two terminals. This is now blocked off and the old entrance at Terminal B has been replaced by a bank of arrival/departure monitors.


A concourse entrance to the underground people mover.[edit] The Automated People Mover
Main article: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Automated People Mover
In addition to a pedestrian walkway, which includes a series of moving walkways, connecting the concourses, the Transportation Mall also features an automated people mover. The Automated People Mover has a station at the east end of the main terminal for passengers entering the Transportation Mall after passing through security (this station also serves as the station for Concourse T), and a station at each of the remaining five concourses. There is an additional station for the Baggage Claim area, which is located directly underneath the Main Terminal. It is the world's busiest automated people mover, with over 64 million riders in 2002.[33]

[edit] MARTA Station
Main article: Airport (MARTA station)
Hartsfield–Jackson also has its own train station on the city's rapid transit system, MARTA. The above-ground station is inside in the main building, between the north and south terminals on the west end. The Airport train station is currently the southernmost station in the MARTA system.[34]

[edit] Main Terminal and baggage claim
[edit] North Terminal

A line of automated and staffed ticketing counters for Delta, Atlanta's major tenant airline.Air Canada
Air Canada Jazz
AirTran Airways
American Airlines
American Eagle
AmericanConnection operated by Chautauqua Airlines
British Airways
Continental Airlines
Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines
Frontier Airlines
Korean Air
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Lufthansa
Midwest Airlines
Spirit Airlines
United Airlines
United Express operated by Mesa Airlines
United Express operated by Shuttle America
US Airways
US Airways Express operated by Air Wisconsin
US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines
US Airways Express operated by PSA Airlines
US Airways Express operated by Republic Airlines
Wings Air (USA)[35]
[edit] South Terminal
Air France
Alaska Airlines [Begins October 23][36]
Delta Air Lines
Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines
Delta Connection operated by Chautauqua Airlines
Delta Connection operated by Comair
Delta Connection operated by Freedom Airlines
Delta Connection operated by Mesaba Airlines
Delta Connection operated by Pinnacle Airlines
Delta Connection operated by Shuttle America
Delta Connection operated by SkyWest Airlines
Northwest Airlines1
1: Check-in for Northwest-operated flights are processed at Delta ticket counters.

[edit] Terminals, airlines, and destinations
The Atlanta airport has more nonstop flights and destinations than any airline hub in the world. It serves 261 nonstop destinations, including 83 international destinations in 54 countries, from 196 gates spread across six concourses: T, A, B, C, D, and E.

[edit] Concourse T
Concourse T (originally "T-Gates"; they are directly attached to the Terminal building) has 15 Gates: T1-T15 [37]

Airlines Destinations
American Airlines Chicago-O'Hare [ends April 5], Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami
American Eagle Chicago-O'Hare, Miami [begins April 6]
Delta Air Lines Albuquerque, Anchorage [seasonal], Austin, Baltimore, Bermuda, Birmingham (AL), Boston, Bozeman [seasonal], Buffalo, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chicago-Midway, Chicago-O'Hare, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Colorado Springs, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Dayton, Daytona Beach, Denver, Detroit, Eagle/Vail [seasonal], El Paso, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Gulfport/Biloxi, Hartford/Springfield, Hayden/Steamboat Springs [seasonal], Hilton Head Island, Houston-Intercontinental, Huntsville/Decatur, Indianapolis, Jackson (MS), Jackson Hole [seasonal], Jacksonville (FL), Kalispell [seasonal], Kansas City, Key West [begins December 18], Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Louisville, Melbourne (FL), Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mobile, Montrose/Telluride [seasonal], Nashville, New Orleans, New York-JFK, New York-LaGuardia, Newark, Newport News, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Ontario, Orange County, Orlando, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Portland (ME), Providence [begins November 1], Raleigh/Durham, Reno / Tahoe, Richmond, Rochester (NY), Sacramento, St. Louis, St. Thomas, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan (PR), Sarasota/Bradenton, Savannah, Seattle/Tacoma, Tallahassee, Tampa, Tri-Cities, Tucson, Tupelo, Vancouver [seasonal], Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan, West Palm Beach
United Airlines Chicago-O'Hare
United Express operated by Mesa Airlines Chicago-O'Hare, Washington-Dulles
United Express operated by Shuttle America Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Washington-Dulles

[edit] Concourse A
Concourse A has 34 Gates: A1-A34 [38]

Airlines Destinations
Delta Air Lines See Concourse T
Delta Connection operated by Compass Airlines Charlotte, Louisville
Delta Connection operated by Shuttle America Charlotte, Chicago-Midway, Charleston (SC), Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Columbus (OH), Fort Walton Beach [begins November 2], Houston-Hobby, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Knoxville, Louisville, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, Sarasota, St. Louis, Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan, Westchester County, White Plains

[edit] Concourse B
Concourse B has 35 Gates: B1-B34, B36 [39]

Airlines Destinations
Delta Air Lines See Concourse T
Delta Connection operated by Pinnacle Airlines Austin, Birmingham (AL), Charlotte, Chicago O'Hare, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Cleveland, Dayton, Greenville/Spartanburg, Houston-Hobby, Houston-Intercontinental, Huntsville/Decatur, Jackson (MS), Kansas City, Knoxville, Lexington, Louisville, Memphis, Milwaukee, Mobile, Nashville, New Orleans, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Richmond, San Antonio, St. Louis, Tallahassee, Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan
Delta Connection operated by SkyWest Airlines Aspen [seasonal], Bentonville, Chicago-O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, El Paso, Greenville/Spartanburg, Halifax [seasonal], Houston-Hobby, Houston-Intercontinental, Huntsville/Decatur, Jackson (MS), Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Nashville, Oklahoma City, Pensacola, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Tri-Cities (TN), Tulsa

[edit] Concourse C
Concourse C has 48 Gates: C1-C22, C30-C53, C55-C57. [40]

Concourse C is the primary hub for AirTran Airways and Delta Connection carrier Atlantic Southeast Airlines

Note: AirTran flights to Cancún depart from Concourse C and arrive at Concourse E.

Airlines Destinations
AirTran Airways Akron/Canton, Aruba [begins December 19], Atlantic City, Baltimore, Bloomington, Boston, Branson, Buffalo, Cancún, Charleston (SC) [ends December 3], Charlotte, Chicago-Midway, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Dayton, Denver, Detroit, Flint, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Harrisburg [seasonal], Houston-Hobby, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Moline/Quad Cities, Montego Bay [begins February 11], Nassau [begins December 17], New Orleans, New York-LaGuardia, Newark [ends October 25], Newport News, Orlando, Pensacola, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME) [seasonal], Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY), St. Louis, San Antonio, San Diego [seasonal], San Francisco, San Juan, Sarasota/Bradenton, Seattle/Tacoma [seasonal], Tampa, Washington-Dulles, Washington-Reagan, West Palm Beach, White Plains, Wichita
Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines Akron/Canton, Albany (GA), Albany (NY), Alexandria, Allentown/Bethlehem, Appleton, Asheville, Augusta (GA), Austin, Baton Rouge, Bentonville, Birmingham (AL), Bloomington (IL), Blountville/Tri-Cities, Brunswick, Burlington (VT) [ends October 30], Charleston (SC), Charleston (WV), Charlotte, Charlottesville, Chattanooga, Chicago-Midway, Cleveland, Columbia (SC), Columbus (GA), Columbus (MS), Dayton, Daytona Beach, Des Moines, Dothan, Evansville, Fayetteville (AR), Fayetteville (NC), Flint, Florence, Fort Myers, Fort Walton Beach, Fort Wayne, Freeport, Gainesville, Grand Rapids, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Gulfport/Biloxi, Harrisburg, Houston-Hobby, Houston-Intercontinental, Huntsville/Decatur, Indianapolis, Jackson (MS), Jacksonville (NC), Kansas City, Killeen, Key West, Knoxville, Lafayette, Lewisburg (WV), Lexington, Little Rock, Louisville, Lynchburg, Madison, Manchester (NH), Melbourne (FL), Meridian, Milwaukee, Mobile, Moline/Quad Cities, Monroe, Montgomery, Montréal-Trudeau, Myrtle Beach, Nassau, Nashville, New Bern, Newburgh, Newport News, New Orleans, Norfolk, North Eleuthera, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Panama City (FL), Pensacola, Peoria, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Providence, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Roanoke, Rochester (NY), St. Louis, San Antonio, Sarasota, Savannah, Shreveport, Sioux Falls, South Bend, Springfield, Syracuse, Tallahassee, Toronto-Pearson, Tri-Cities (TN/VA), Tulsa, Valdosta, Valparaiso, White Plains, Wichita, Wilmington (NC)

[edit] Concourse D
Concourse D has 37 Gates: Gate D1, D1A, D2-D8, D8A, D9-D11, D11A, D12-D16, D21-D37. [41]

Concourse D also holds the overflow gates that any airline may use. These gates are not held by any particular airline.

Airlines Destinations
Air Canada operated by Air Canada Jazz Toronto-Pearson
AirTran Airways See Concourse C [42]
Alaska Airlines Seattle/Tacoma [begins October 23][43]
Continental Airlines Houston-Intercontinental, Newark
Continental Express operated by ExpressJet Airlines Cleveland, Houston-Intercontinental, Newark
Delta Connection operated by Comair Austin, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, Cleveland, Columbus (OH), Dayton, Flint, Greensboro, Harrisburg, Huntsville/Decatur, Louisville, Manchester (NH), Nashville, New Orleans, Newark, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Portland (ME), Providence, Raleigh/Durham, Springfield (MO), Syracuse, Toronto-Pearson, Tulsa, Washington-Dulles
Delta Connection operated by Mesaba Airlines Blountville/Tri-Cities, Columbus (GA) [ends October 30], Florence (SC), Hilton Head [ends November 2][44], Muscle Shoals, Tupelo
Frontier Airlines Denver
Midwest Connect operated by Republic Airlines Milwaukee
Spirit Airlines Fort Lauderdale
US Airways Charlotte, Philadelphia, Phoenix
US Airways Express operated by Air Wisconsin Philadelphia
US Airways Express operated by Mesa Airlines Charlotte
US Airways Express operated by PSA Airlines Charlotte
US Airways Express operated by Republic Airlines Charlotte, Philadelphia

[edit] International Concourse E
International Concourse E has 28 Gates: E1-E12, E14-E18, E26-E36 [45]

Airlines Destinations
Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle
British Airways London-Heathrow
Delta Air Lines Accra [begins June 1][46], Amsterdam [seasonal], Antigua, Aruba, Athens [seasonal], Barbados, Barcelona, Belize City, Bonaire, Bogotá, Brasilia [begins December 17][47], Brussels, Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Cancún, Caracas, Copenhagen, Cozumel, Curaçao [seasonal], Dubai, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Fortaleza, Frankfurt [seasonal], Grand Cayman, Guadalajara [seasonal], Guatemala City, Guayaquil [seasonal], Johannesburg, Lagos, Liberia (Costa Rica), Lima, London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow, Madrid, Managua, Manaus, Manchester (UK), Mexico City, Milan-Malpensa, Montego Bay, Moscow-Sheremetyevo [seasonal], Mumbai [ends October 25][48], Munich, Nassau, Panama City, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Port of Spain, Prague [seasonal], Providenciales, Puerto Plata [seasonal], Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Quito, Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, Roatán, Rome-Fiumicino, St. Kitts [seasonal], St. Croix, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, San José de Costa Rica, San José del Cabo, San Salvador, Santiago de Chile, Santo Domingo, São Paulo-Guarulhos, San Pedro Sula, Stockholm-Arlanda [seasonal], Stuttgart, Sydney, Tegucigalpa, Tel Aviv, Tobago, Tokyo-Narita [resumes June 2][49], Venice-Marco Polo [seasonal], Zürich
Delta Connection operated by Atlantic Southeast Airlines Kingston
Delta Connection operated by Pinnacle Airlines Belize City [seasonal], Cozumel [seasonal], Guadalajara [seasonal], Monterrey, Providenciales [seasonal], St. Croix
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Amsterdam
Korean Air Seoul-Incheon
Lufthansa Frankfurt
Northwest Airlines Amsterdam [seasonal], Frankfurt [seasonal; begins November 1], Honolulu, Tokyo-Narita

[edit] Atlantic Aviation
Due to access restrictions, GeorgiaSkies currently operates from the Atlantic Aviation Fixed base operator facility and provides shuttle transportation for passengers connecting to the main passenger terminals.[50] Wings Air (USA) also now operates from here as well after dropping their services to Athens and Macon.

Airlines Destinations
GeorgiaSkies Athens, Macon
Wings Air (USA) Athens, Lawrenceville, Macon

[edit] Cargo airlines
Air France
Alitalia
Atlas Air
British Airways
Cathay Pacific Airways
China Airlines
Cargolux
EVA Air
FedEx Express
Korean Air Cargo
Lufthansa Cargo
Martinair Cargo
MasAir
Polar Air Cargo
Singapore Airlines Cargo
UPS Airlines
[edit] Accidents and incidents
[edit] Accidents en route
April 4, 1977 Southern Airways Flight 242 (Huntsville to Atlanta, crashed en route a few dozen miles from Atlanta Airport)
September 6, 1985 Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105 (Milwaukee to Atlanta, crashed on takeoff at the airport in Milwaukee, Wisconsin)
May 11, 1996 ValuJet Flight 592 (Miami to Atlanta, crashed en route from Miami International Airport in the Florida Everglades)
August 27, 2006 Comair Flight 191 operating as Delta Connection Flight 5191 (Lexington to Atlanta, crashed on takeoff at the Blue Grass Airport) 49 fatalities were reported. [51]
[edit] Incidents
On May 23, 1960 Delta Air Lines Flight 1903 assumed a nose high attitude shortly after take-off and then banked steeply to the left and crashed nose down killing 4.[52]
On June 8, 1995 ValuJet Flight 597 suffered a catastrophic engine failure on the runway.
On November 29, 2000 AirTran Airways Flight 956 executed an emergency landing shortly after takeoff, due to an electrical fire.
On January 12, 2007, a stowaway was found dead on board a Delta Air Lines jet in the wheel well after arriving in Atlanta from Dakar, Senegal.[53]
On January 11, 2008 an Atlantic Southeast Airlines Canadair CRJ-200 and a Delta Air Lines Boeing 757 came within 1,250 feet (380 m) of collision.[54]
On October 19, 2009 Delta Flight 60 from Rio de Janeiro landed on taxiway M; a taxiway parallel to the designated landing runway 27R. [1]
[edit] Chemical spills
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009)

At the beginning of January 2002, the glycol solution used for deicing during winter weather operations overflowed from the glycol collection system into the drainage system that eventually flows into the Flint River. Because the airport is built over the beginning point of the Flint River, one of the major rivers in Georgia, it ended up in water systems which supply drinking water downstream. The problem was fixed before the next winter and as a result has not backed up into the drainage system again.

[edit] Security incidents
On November 16, 2001, a man left the secure area to retrieve his camera bag, which he had left behind, and then tried to bypass the wait at the security checkpoint by running the wrong way down the escalators at the secure area's exit. As a result, the entire airport was evacuated, including all aircraft, and operations halted for three hours.[55]

The man said that he tried to bypass the security line because he would be late for a flight he was taking to see a Georgia Bulldogs football game. As part of his sentence, he was not allowed to attend any Bulldogs games for the 2002 season.[56]

[edit] Crime
From December 2006 to March 2007, there were 30 arrests for indecent exposure involving reported sex acts in airport bathrooms.[57] Several prominent persons were arrested, including an advisor for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a Spelman College professor, and the Chairman of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority board of directors.[58]

[edit] Lightning strike
In 2009, a severe thunderstorm on the evening of April 23 caused a lightning strike directly to the control tower at 8:45 (22:45) EDT. The airport was already in a ground stop due to dangerous wind shear, and four minutes after the strike, the tower was evacuated after a smoke odor was detected. After returning at 9:10, a loss of mains electricity at 9:20 caused further problems, including major flight delays and diversions due also to the lightning (at over 1000 strikes per hour) and large amounts of hail that continued in the vicinity. Partial power outages continued to affect the airport and the northern runway lighting for more than an hour afterward, leaving only three other runways to handle the backlog. An FAA official said that neither the new nor the old tower had been struck in at least 18 years.[59]

[edit] In culture
The airport is well-known in the Southern United States. There is a saying in the region that if one dies, whether he or she goes to heaven or hell, he or she will connect in Atlanta.[60][61][62][63][64][65]

[edit] Other notes
Air traffic controllers for tower and ground control operations refer to the letter "D" using the word "Dixie" instead of "Delta" to avoid confusion with Delta Air Lines aircraft (note the use of "DIXIE" for taxiway "D" in the FAA's airport diagram, listed in the external links below).[citation needed]

[edit] See also
Atlanta's second airport
Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic
Georgia World War II Army Airfields
World's busiest airport
World's busiest airports by cargo traffic
World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic
World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
World's busiest airports by traffic movements
[edit] References
^ a b c d "Year-to-Date Passenger Data" (PDF). Department of Aviation, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. December 2007. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/docs/Traffic/200812.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ Tharpe, Jim (2007-01-04). "Atlanta airport still the "busiest": Hartsfield–Jackson nips Chicago's O'hare for second year in a row". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on 2007-01-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20070106042352/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/stories/2007/01/04/0104airport.html.
^ a b c "Fact Sheet". City of Atlanta. February 2007. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/Airport/ATL/ATL_FactSheet.aspx. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "Top 20 U.S. Gateways for Nonstop International Air Travel: 1990, 1995, and 2000". U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Archived from the original on 2007-06-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20070605110006/http://www.bts.gov/publications/us_international_travel_and_transportation_trends/html/table10.html.
^ http://apps.atlantaga.gov/citydir/dpcd/maps/zoning_sheet_14-128.pdf
^ "City Maps." City of College Park. Retrieved on May 25, 2009.
^ "Official Zoning Map." City of Hapeville. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
^ Garrett, Franklin, Atlanta and Its Environs, 1954, Vol.II, p.851
^ a b c d http://www.atlanta-airport.com/Airport/ATL/Airport_History.aspx
^ (book) Sunshine Skies: Historic Commuter Airlines of Florida and Georgia. Atlanta, Georgia: Zeus Press. November 2008. pp. 262. ISBN 9781440424748. http://www.sunshineskies.net/book.html.
^ "Maynard Jackson Jr". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 2003-06-25. http://www.legacy.com/ATLANTA/Obituaries.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonId=1113182. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "Atlanta International Airport: Fifth Runway". City of Atlanta. May 2006. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/sublevels/airport_info/5thMain.htm.
^ "Flat Rock Cemetery". http://tomitronics.com/flat%20rock%20cemetery/index.html. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
^ "Aviation "Bridges" the Gap for Future Growth". Williams-Russell and Johnson, Inc. http://www.wrjinc.com/index.php?pid=95. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "Atlanta International Airport: Benchmark Results" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 2004. http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/publications/bench/DOWNLOAD/pdf/ATL_2004.pdf.
^ David M. Halbfinger (2003-08-13). "Atlanta Is Divided Over Renaming Airport for Former Mayor". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/13/us/atlanta-is-divided-over-renaming-airport-for-former-mayor.html. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
^ Airline Industry Information (2003-10-21). "Atlanta airport to be renamed Hartsfield–Jackson". AllBusiness.com. http://www.allbusiness.com/operations/shipping-air-freight/663285-1.html. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
^ Tharpe, Jim (2007-03-18). "An end-around to efficiency: Hartsfield–Jackson strip offers safety, boosts capacity". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on 2007-03-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20070322165005/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/atlanta/stories/2007/03/18/0319metairport.html.
^ "Airport Hoping to Flush Away Less Water". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 2007-10-29. http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/atlanta/stories/2007/10/28/airportdrought_1029.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "Fewer, Faster Flushes for Airport Toilets". WSB TV. 2007-10-29. http://www.wsbtv.com/drought/14448080/detail.html. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
^ "Drought: Macon Offers Water to ATL Airport". Georgia Public Broadcasting News. 2007-10-24. http://gpbnews.blogspot.com/2007/10/drought-macon-offers-water-to-atl.html. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
^ "Financial Statements June 30, 2007 and 2006" (PDF). City of Atlanta, Georgia Department of Aviation. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/sublevels/airport_info/pdfs/FY07DOAFinancials.pdf.
^ a b Ramos, Rachel Tobin (2007-09-21). "Hartsfield project costs soar to $9B". Atlanta Business Chronicle. http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2007/09/24/story2.html. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
^ a b c http://www.atlanta-airport.com/RentalCarCenter/RentalCarCenter_FAQ.aspx
^ "HJAIA - Airport Construction". City of Atlanta. http://atlanta-airport.com/sublevels/airport_info/construction.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
^ "HJAIA - Maynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr. International Terminal". City of Atlanta. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/fifth/ceela.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
^ "City Sued Over Airport Terminal". 11Alive.com. 2005-08-17. http://www.11alive.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=67892.
^ Jim Tharpe (2008-02-27). "Passenger Perks the Buzz of Proposed International Terminal". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/business/stories/2008/02/27/airport_0228.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "New Passenger Complex to Handle Growing Airport Needs". Hartsfield–Jackson News. December 2005. http://www.atlantaairportbusinessopportunities.com/hjn/2005/12/dvlp2.htm.
^ http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/airport/frmAirportinformationConstruction_Maynard.aspx
^ "2005 Annual Report" (PDF). City of Atlanta Department of Aviation. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/sublevels/airport_info/pdfs/2005%20Annual%20Report_Website.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ "Airport History". Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/sublevels/airport_info/histpage.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ a b "Transportation Mall/People Mover". Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/sublevels/customer_service/mallpage.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-06.
^ "Airport Station Helper". Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. http://www.itsmarta.com/explore/airporthelp.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/mt_11_08.pdf
^ http://www.alaskaair.com/Destinations/CityGuides.aspx?city=ATL&show=airportguide
^ "Concourse T Directory" (PDF). Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/t.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "Concourse A Directory" (PDF). Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/a.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "Concourse B Directory" (PDF). Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/b.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "Concourse C Directory" (PDF). Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/c.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "Concourse D Directory" (PDF). Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/d.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ http://www.airtran.com/cities/atlantaga.aspx
^ http://www.ajc.com/services/content/business/delta/stories/2009/05/06/alaska_airlines_atlanta.html
^ http://www.greenvilleonline.com/article/20090731/BUSINESS05/90730010/1003/rss04
^ "Concourse E Directory" (PDF). Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. http://www.atlanta-airport.com/forms/passenger/pdf/e.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ http://news.delta.com/index.php?DB=mr4enh_delta&s=11
^ Delta Air Lines Announces New Flights between Atlanta and Brasilia, Brazil, Starting in December
^ http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Delta-Global-Recession-Rising-prnews-15499621.html?.v=1
^ http://news.delta.com/index.php?DB=mr4enh_delta&s=11
^ "GeorgiaSkies - Atlanta, Georgia (ATL)". GeorgiaSkies. http://www.pacificwings.com/gsky/gs/airport-information.asp?sct=atlanta. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
^ "Altered taxiway cited in crash that killed 49". International Herald Tribune. 2009-08-28. http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/28/news/crash.php. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
^ "May 23, 1960.". Our Georgia History. http://ourgeorgiahistory.com/search?id=7126. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
^ "Stowaway's Body Found In Delta Jet." CBS News.
^ "FAA probes near-collision at Atlanta airport". Associated Press (MSNBC). 2008-01-12. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22624189/. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
^ "Suspect in custody in Atlanta airport incident". CNN. 2001-11-16. http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/11/16/rec.hartsfield.evacuation/index.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/03/06/national/main503151.shtml
^ Shirek, Jon (2007-03-31). "Delta Employee Suspended for Sex Arrest". 11 Alive News. http://www.11alive.com/news/article_news.aspx?storyid=94543&provider=top.
^ Donsky, Paul (2007-03-15). "MARTA chairman won't resign: Ed Wall arrested for having sex in airport bathroom". Atlanta Journal Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/atlanta/stories/2007/03/15/0315metwall.html?imw=Y.
^ http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/04/23/ga.airport.storms/
^ King, Wayne. "All of the South Changing Planes at Atlanta; Complaints Are Rising More Service Sought Another Disturbing Fact Petitions to C.A.B." The New York Times. Thursday July 27, 1978. A14. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
^ Rawls, Wendell, Jr. "Atlanta Opening New Air Terminal." The New York Times. Sunday September 14, 1980. Travel Page XX16. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
^ Moorhead, Jim. "Flying Is More Than Taking Off." The Evening Independent. October 25, 1980. 1B. 8 of 32 at Google News. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
^ Martin. Janice. "Hooray for Ray, a pilot too fed up to take off." St. Petersburg Times. Saturday July 26, 1986. 1-B. Google News 15 of 94. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
^ Warner, Gary A. "Flight Layovers / Essay -- Stuck In Atlanta: The Pits In The Heart Of The Peach." The Orange County Register at The Seattle Times. Sunday March 16, 1997. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
^ Nance, John. "Flying Like a CEO." ABC News. August 3, 2006. 1. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport - Official website
Atlanta Time Machine section on the Atlanta airport - featuring dozens of vintage photos
Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport 1961-1980
Historic photos of Atlanta Airport from 1949 and 1956 - Dozens of vintage photos from the LIFE archive.
Atlanta Airport Time Machine - ATL Airport historian David Henderson's Google Maps mashup featuring historical locations and associated photography.
ATL WiFi Connection Information
Air Rail connection results for Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport from Airport Railways of the World (English)
FAA Airport Diagram(PDF), effective 24 Sep 2009
Resources for this airport:
AirNav airport information for KATL
ASN accident history for ATL
FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
SkyVector aeronautical chart for KATL
FAA current ATL delay information
Coordinates: 33°38′12″N 84°25′41″W / 33.63672°N 84.428066°W / 33.63672; -84.428066
[show]v • d • eAirports of metro Atlanta

International Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL)

Municipal Cobb County Airport (RYY) • Cherokee County Airport (47A) • Clayton County Airport (4A7) • Cartersville Airport (VPC) • Gwinnett County Airport (LZU) • Newnan-Coweta County Airport (CCO) • Peachtree-DeKalb Airport (PDK) • Fulton County Airport (FTY) • Paulding County Regional Airport (PUJ) • Falcon Field (FFC)

Military Naval Air Station Atlanta and Dobbins Air Reserve Base (MGE)

Private Mathis Airport (GA27) • Stone Mountain Airport (00A) • Parkaire Field

[show]v • d • eAtlanta landmarks

Current Atlanta Botanical Garden • Atlanta City Hall • Atlanta Civic Center • Atlanta Cyclorama • Atlanta History Center • Atlanta Symphony Hall • Atlantic Station • The Big Chicken • Bobby Dodd Stadium • Centennial Olympic Park • Center for Puppetry Arts • Chattahoochee River • Clermont Lounge • CNN Center • Donna Van Gogh's Artists' Market • Fernbank Museum of Natural History • Fernbank Science Center • Fox Theatre • Georgia Aquarium • Georgia Dome • Georgia Governor's Mansion • Georgia International Convention Center • Georgia State Capitol • Georgia World Congress Center • Grant Park • Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport • High Museum of Art • Jimmy Carter Library and Museum • Joel Chandler Harris Home (Wren's Nest) • Lenox Square • Margaret Mitchell House & Museum • Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site • Mary Mac's Tea Room • Oakland Cemetery • Philips Arena • Phipps Plaza • Piedmont Park • Stone Mountain • Tech Tower • The Tabernacle • The Varsity • Turner Field • Underground Atlanta • Winecoff Hotel • Woodruff Arts Center • Woodruff Park • World of Coca-Cola • Zoo Atlanta


Former Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium • Coca-Cola Olympic City • Loew's Grand Theatre • Omni Coliseum • Ponce de Leon Park • Rich's • SciTrek • Terminal Station • Union Station


[show]v • d • eMajor airports of the United States

Atlanta (Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport - ATL) • Baltimore (Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport - BWI) • Boston (Logan International Airport - BOS) • Cincinnati (Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport - CVG) • Charlotte (Charlotte/Douglas International Airport - CLT) • Chicago (Chicago Midway International Airport - MDW) • Chicago (O'Hare International Airport - ORD) • Dallas-Fort Worth (Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport - DFW) • Denver (Denver International Airport - DEN) • Detroit (Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport - DTW) • Fort Lauderdale (Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport - FLL) • Honolulu (Honolulu International Airport - HNL) • Houston (George Bush Intercontinental Airport - IAH) • Las Vegas (McCarran International Airport - LAS) • Los Angeles (Los Angeles International Airport - LAX) • Miami (Miami International Airport - MIA) • Minneapolis-St Paul (Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport - MSP) • Newark (Newark Liberty International Airport - EWR) • New York City (John F. Kennedy International Airport - JFK) • New York City (LaGuardia Airport - LGA) • Orlando (Orlando International Airport - MCO) • Philadelphia (Philadelphia International Airport - PHL) • Phoenix (Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport - PHX) • Salt Lake City (Salt Lake City International Airport - SLC) • San Diego (San Diego International Airport - SAN) • San Francisco (San Francisco International Airport - SFO) • Seattle (Seattle-Tacoma International Airport - SEA) • Tampa (Tampa International Airport - TPA) • Washington DC (Ronald Reagan National Airport - DCA) • Washington DC (Washington Dulles International Airport - IAD)



Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport"
Categories: Airports in Georgia (U.S. state) | Landmarks in Atlanta, Georgia | Transportation in Atlanta, Georgia | 1979 establishments | Future airport expansion | Defunct World War II USAAF Fields
Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from May 2009 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009 | Articles needing additional references from July 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from August 2009

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport proudly bears the distinction of being the world’s busiest airport and has long served as a valuable hub connecting various cities and countries around the globe. However, Hartsfield-Jackson is also a prime destination for travelers – business and pleasure – visiting Atlanta and other locales in the southeastern United States.

To keep pace with rapid growth, both in the metro Atlanta area and regionally, the Airport continues to expand capacity and improve efficiency through our $6 billion-plus Capital Improvement Program (CIP). One element of this forward-looking strategy has already yielded results.

Our new fifth runway has provided increased capacity that is helping airlines save millions in operating expenses. As our Capital Improvement Program continues, travelers will have access to a new energy-efficient car rental facility and a new 12-gate international terminal. I am confident that this development strategy will help Hartsfield-Jackson maintain its role as a potent economic engine.

On behalf of the airlines, concessionaires and employees, I welcome you! Whether you’re traveling through or if you’re staying awhile, I’m proud that Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is able to play a part in your traveling needs.

 

BENJAMIN R. DECOSTA
Aviation General Manager
Benjamin R. DeCosta assumed leadership of Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport as Department of Aviation general manager for the city of Atlanta in June 1998. Among his top priorities at the world’s busiest airport are customer service and security. DeCosta and his team are committed to ensuring that passenger experiences at the principal air carrier airport in the southern United States are among the best in the world. In fact, the Airport’s mission statement is “to be the world’s best airport by exceeding customer expectations.”

DeCosta is in charge of Hartsfield-Jackson’s $6 billion-plus Capital Improvement Program. The major components of the program are: a fifth runway, the Maynard Holbrook Jackson International Terminal, a consolidated rental car complex, upgrades to the existing central passenger terminal complex, and a proposed south gate complex

In May 2007, DeCosta and his team celebrated the first anniversary of the new fifth runway, Runway 10-28, which is the centerpiece of the CIP. This runway, labeled the “Most Important Runway in America,” has contributed to a significant decrease in delays at Hartsfield-Jackson and saves the airlines operating at the facility millions of dollars each week.

Under DeCosta’s leadership, the Airport remains Georgia’s economic crown jewel, employing more than 56,000 employees and producing a total financial impact of $44 billion for the state of Georgia. And, according to a 2005 Economic Impact Study, the facility increased flight operations by nearly 100,000 to more than 980,000 flights.

Recognized nationally as a leader in aviation, DeCosta serves on the board of directors for the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the largest professional organization for airport executives in the world, and Airports Council International, one of the world’s largest airport organizations.

On Oct. 15, 2006, DeCosta received his Accredited Airport Executive designation from AAAE, an achievement that further demonstrates his leadership as an airport management professional.

During his tenure, Hartsfield-Jackson has received numerous accolades from industry experts. In 2007, The Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) announced the selection of the facility as the most efficient airport among all major airports worldwide. DeCosta was also honored in 2007 as Best Airport Director of the Year by Airport Revenue News. Other awards include American Express’ Executive Traveler’s Best Large U.S. Airport honor (2007), ATRS’ Global Efficiency Award (2006), Air Cargo World’s ACE Award for Excellence (2006), ATRS’ Top North American Airport for performance (2001 and 2003), and International Air Transport Association’s Best “Very Large” Airport in Overall Passenger Satisfaction (2003).

Prior to becoming general manager, DeCosta worked for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and served as the general manager of Newark International Airport.

A native New Yorker, DeCosta received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics at Queens College in 1968 before earning his Juris Doctor from New York Law School in 1975. In 1984, he participated in a program for senior executives in state and local government at the Kennedy School of Public Administration at Harvard University.

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MARIO C. DIAZ
Deputy General Manager
Mario Diaz assumed the role of deputy general manager for Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in January 1999. He is responsible for ensuring that the daily operational activities of the world’s busiest airport are executed. These areas include operations, business, finance and capital development. As deputy general manager, his top priorities are providing superior customer service and guiding the Airport’s expansion through the Hartsfield-Jackson Development Program “Focus On the Future.”

Diaz has been a major force in Hartsfield-Jackson’s technology innovations including recent Wi-Fi developments that made the Airport the world’s largest indoor hotspot. He has been one of the industry’s leading authorities in aviation technology as well as the study of future developments in commercial aviation. Diaz was a keynote presenter at the 2003 Air Transport Research Society World Conference and the Wireless Institute’s 2003 Wireless Internet and Municipal Government Conference.

Prior to his current position, Diaz was the manager of business, properties and commercial development for New Jersey Airports, a post he held for four years. In this role, he managed the division responsible for all business and lease negotiations at Newark International Airport as well as the day-to-day oversight management of Teterboro Airport, one of the nation’s premier general aviation airports, and a major reliever airport for Newark International.

His 17-year career with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey began in 1981 and included key management positions in leasing, finance, marketing, operations and properties. During this period, Diaz also served 18 months as the assistant director of the redevelopment program at John F. Kennedy Airport.

A native of Barranquitas, Puerto Rico, and a licensed private pilot with instrument certification, Diaz earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. He also earned a Master of Business Administration in finance from Rutgers Graduate School of Business Administration in New Jersey.

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DANIEL J. MOLLOY, P.E.
Assistant General Manager / Planning & Development

Dan Molloy’s primary responsibility is management of Hartsfield-Jackson’s $6 billion-plus Capital Improvement Program. He oversees all aspects of the planning, design and construction of new and expanded terminals and gates, a new runway, consolidated rental car facility and other airfield or support facility projects.

Molloy began his career with the city of Los Angeles, where he was involved in the $1 billion expansion of the city’s wastewater treatment system facilities. He later moved to the Airport Department as a project engineer, managing numerous capital improvements at Los Angeles International and three other airports.

In 1995, Molloy began work at Hartsfield-Jackson, where he helped manage Capital Improvements in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympics. After the Olympics, he continued managing development related to the airfield, roadways, parking and other support facilities. Projects included construction of new taxiways, cargo handling facilities, aircraft parking ramps, replacement of aging taxiway pavements, aircraft deicing pads, and the 33-day replacement of Runway 9R-27L.

Molloy became assistant general manager in 2000, with responsibility for all planning, design, construction and environmental activities at the Airport. In 2007, he assumed the responsibilities of Capital Programs Manager and continues to manage the multi-billion efforts today.

Molloy graduated from Michigan State University with a Bachelor of Science degree, majoring in Civil Engineering with an emphasis in Transportation. He is licensed as a Registered Professional Engineer in Georgia and California. He is currently serving as chairman of the Airports Council International – North America Technical Committee, and is recognized as a Certified Member of the American Association of Airport Executives.

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ROBERT W. KENNEDY
Assistant General Manager / Operations, Maintenance & Security

Robert Kennedy, who has more than 30 years experience in the aviation industry, took on the position of assistant general manager for Operations, Maintenance and Security at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in September, 2006. Prior to his current role, he served as director of marketing, public relations and Intergovernmental Affairs.

Recently, Kennedy has been instrumental in coordinating the Airport’s participation in CIFAL Atlanta - the North American affiliate of a United Nations research and training program for local authorities and executives. He led Hartsfield-Jackson’s efforts in working with CIFAL to host several seminars from 2004-2007, which included a security conference for a delegation of Chinese aviation officials in preparation for China’s 2008 Olympic Games. In addition, Robert was part of the delegation that accompanied Mayor Shirley Franklin on a 2006 trade mission to China.

In an earlier post at Hartsfield-Jackson, Kennedy served as the Route Development Manager, where he developed global marketing programs to expand industry and corporate awareness of the capabilities of the world’s busiest commercial airport. He was involved in numerous discussions and negotiations with many of the world’s major air carriers and has successfully developed several new airline services to Atlanta. These include the first direct all-cargo service to Southeast Asia, the Netherlands and Latin America. In addition, he worked with federal agencies in acquiring a U.S. Fish & Wildlife port designation, the approval of Cold Treatment for fruits and vegetables for Atlanta and USDA-VS Equine Importation designation.

In the private sector, Kennedy served as founder and president of Kennedy & Associates - Aviation and Air Cargo Consulting, LLC, based in Atlanta. The company provided airports, air carriers and aviation-related industries with in-depth analysis and planning for route development, cargo master planning and air service development (including bi-lateral air service agreements). Kennedy also held positions with DHL Worldwide Express and United Parcel Service.

Kennedy’s comments and viewpoints have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, the Journal of Commerce, Air Cargo News, Air Cargo World, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Atlanta Business Chronicle and numerous other industry publications. In addition, he has given commentary on CNN’s Business Asia Report, Georgia Public Television’s documentary on Economic Development, Business Argentina (live telecast call-in program) and ABC News.

Kennedy is involved in a number of civic and business organizations. He has served as chairman and president - Atlanta Air Cargo Association, board member - Georgia Foreign Trade Zone, board member - Clayton County Chamber of Commerce, and president - PTC Toastmasters International. In 1997 and 2000, Kennedy was named Clayton County’s International Business Person of the Year.

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ARNALDO RUIZ
Assistant General Manager – Commercial Development

Arnaldo Ruiz is responsible for maximizing non-airline revenue as well as the Airport’s strategic direction for Customer Service, Properties Management, Marketing and Business Development. Ruiz oversees the Airport’s Concessions, Cargo Development and Parking business units. He also has a lead role in lease negotiations with airlines and tenants as well as acquisition and development of land areas outside of Airport property lines.

Ruiz’s industry experience includes 22 years with Delta Air Lines, Inc. in such areas as Reservations Sales, International Corporate Sales, New Business Development and Alliance Marketing. He is an MBA graduate of Georgia State University with a BSIM from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta.

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JIM DRINKARD, P.E.
Assistant General Manager / Planning & Development

Jim Drinkard has more than 30 years of airport planning and engineering experience and began his career as a design engineer working on the original midfield design for Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in 1977.

He returned to Hartsfield-Jackson in 2000 as a consultant planning manager prior to his current appointment as assistant general manager. Drinkard also served as co-director of Planning for the Department of Aviation with primary focus on the $6 billion Capital Improvement Program.

Previously, he served as consultant project manager for several major projects at Orlando International Airport, including the major new fourth parallel runway, North Crossfield taxiway bridge and South Terminal complex infrastructure development. He also served as a consultant project manager for major airfield and landside development projects at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, Houston Intercontinental Airport, Raleigh-Durham International Airport, Charleston International Airport, Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport, Huntsville International Airport, Savannah International Airport and Philadelphia International Airports.

Drinkard has been actively involved in the Airports Council International – North America Technical Committee, Consulting Engineers Council of Georgia, and the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Drinkard is a native Atlantan and holds a Bachelors of Civil Engineering degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology.

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MILTON M. CASTILLO, CPA
Assistant General Manager, Chief Financial Officer

Milton M. Castillo, CPA, is responsible for all accounting, finance and treasury operations. He has about 20 years of experience in accounting and finance, including audit, budgeting and forecasting, corporate and investment finance, mergers and acquisitions, Securities and Exchange Commission reporting and strategic planning.

Most recently, Castillo was vice president of finance and chief financial officer at Concessions International. He was responsible for all accounting and financial operations at the airport concessions company, which had $100 million in annual sales.

Castillo is a graduate of Emory University and has been licensed as a certified public accountant in Georgia since 1992. He is a member of the Georgia Society of Certified Public Accountants and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

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MYRNA WHITE
Director of Public Affairs

Myrna White manages the Office of Public Affairs for the Department of Aviation at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. This diverse business unit at the world’s busiest airport is comprised of Intergovernmental Affairs, Media Relations, Community Relations, Special Events, Creative Services (Web coordination, graphics and editorial) and Public Relations.

With an aviation career spanning more than 16 years, White has achieved success at every level in which she has served the Department, whether as part of the Planning & Development team or the Public Relations unit. She began her tenure conducting public information workshops to educate the community about the Airport's plans for a fifth runway. She was charged with gaining the community's acceptance of this critical project. The $1.1 billion runway dubbed "The most important runway in America" opened in May 2006.

Her most recent assignment prior to being named Director of Public Affairs was manager of Intergovernmental Affairs for the Department. Her responsibilities included developing and executing the Department's legislative strategy, liaising with elected officials on local, state and federal issues. Additionally, she led the Department's community relations agenda.

Both the Georgia Senate and House passed resolutions in 2006 commending White for her professional leadership and service to the community. She has served on the board of directors for the Regional Leadership Forum, the Clayton County Chamber of Commerce, Arts Clayton and Women Looking Ahead news magazine. She also serves on the American Red Cross Minority Recruitment Advisory Board and is the only African-American woman to have been elected chair of the South Fulton Chamber of Commerce.

White is a graduate of the Regional Leadership Institute and Leadership Clayton. She is a former Big Sister of the Year (Big Brothers/Big Sisters, Inc.), an Outstanding Georgia Citizen (Secretary of State Cathy Cox), and named among Georgia’s Most Powerful and Influential Women in Government (Women Looking Ahead magazine). White also made the 2006 List of Atlanta’s Top Women of Influence (Atlanta Business League).

She is a graduate of the University of Georgia School of Journalism and a former bureau chief for the Columbus Ledger-Enquirer newspapers.

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Nedra Farrar-Swift
Director of Human Resources & Organizational Development

Nedra Farrar-Swift is Director of Human Resources and Organizational Development for Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. She is responsible for implementing human resources and strategic initiatives that impact the Department’s employees. Nedra developed Hartsfield-Jackson’s internship program, touted as being one of the country’s best. She is well-respected in the area of airport and public personnel management, having come to Hartsfield-Jackson after 14 years with the Raleigh-Durham Airport Authority. Nedra is also chair of the Airport Minority Advisory Council, one of the industry’s largest trade associations and the only one with the mission of promoting inclusion of minorities and women in airport contracting and employment opportunities.

Nedra led the Tavis Smiley Foundation’s Youth II Leaders program in 2005, sending 50 local high school students to the foundation’s conference in Washington D.C. She served on Gov. Sonny Perdue’s Commission for a New Georgia, creating a leadership development model for state employees. In 2005, Nedra was voted one of the 100 most influential women in government by “Woman Looking Ahead Magazine.”

Nedra has a degree in communications from North Carolina State University, certification in public personnel administration from the University of North Carolina, Institute of Government, and is certified by the International Public Management Association-HR as a Certified Human Resource Professional.

A native of Brooklyn, New York, she is the proud mother of Christian, a senior at UNC-Charlotte, and TD, executive director of the First Tee in Raleigh, North Carolina.

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Lance Lyttle
Chief Information Officer

Lance Lyttle is the Chief Information Officer for Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In this position, he supports the organization’s strategic objectives and assures the successful implementation and integration of technologies at the Airport. He is responsible for leading all technology efforts, including the development and implementation of the Airport’s Server and Workstation Virtualization environment, Internet /Intranet/ Extranet (e-Business)-focused IT infrastructure, Common Use Technology, Aircraft Gate Management System, Oracle Financials, Time and Attendance, Fiber Backbone Infrastructure, Private and Public Wi-Fi system, Distributed Antenna System that supports Cellular and PCS services, Parking Revenue Control System, Automated Vehicle Identification Systems, Closed Circuit TV, and Security Access Control System.

He has extensive knowledge of a wide range of IT and leadership subjects, including strategic planning, data and voice network design and implementation, e-Business strategies, wireless systems implementation, database design and implementation and software development. Lance has worked in Information Technology consultancy, manufacturing, mining, and transportation industries.

Creativity and innovations are key aspects of Lance’s responsibilities. He created and now chairs the Innovations and Creative concept committee at the Airport. This committee is responsible for promoting a culture of innovations throughout the organization, ideas management, and ideas implementation.

Lance sits on the editorial board of Airport Technology International publication (UK-based) and is a founding member of Emoquad Internet Services (Jamaican ISP). He is also the chairperson for the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE) Information Technology committee. In 2007, Lance was voted Georgia CIO of the Year by the Georgia CIO Leadership Association. He was also named among the top 100 CIOs nationally by CIO Business Technology Leadership magazine.

An avid sportsperson, Lance is heavily involved in basketball, soccer, volleyball, tennis and golf. He also writes poetry, songs and short stories.

Lance has a Bachelor of Science degree with a double major in physics and computer science from the University of the West Indies. In 1996, he received a Masters degree in Management Information Systems from the University of the West Indies.

 

Atlanta

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 
City of Atlanta
—  City  —
From top left: City skyline from Buckhead, the Georgia State Capitol, Centennial Olympic Park, World of Coca Cola, Downtown Atlanta skyline, and Turner Field

Flag

Seal
Motto: Resurgens (English translation: Rising Again)
Location and all 6 Zones in Fulton, DeKalb,Cobb County, Clayton County, and Gwinnett County counties and the state of Georgia
Coordinates: 33°45′18″N 84°23′24″W / 33.755°N 84.39°W / 33.755; -84.39Coordinates: 33°45′18″N 84°23′24″W / 33.755°N 84.39°W / 33.755; -84.39
Country United States
State Georgia
County Fulton & DeKalb
Terminus 1837
Marthasville 1843
City of Atlanta 1847
Government
 - Mayor Shirley Franklin (D)
Area
 - City 132.4 sq mi (343.0 km2)
 - Land 131.8 sq mi (341.2 km2)
 - Water 0.7 sq mi (1.8 km2)
 - Urban 1,962.9 sq mi (5,083.9 km2)
 - Metro 8,376 sq mi (21,693.7 km2)
Elevation 738-1,050 ft (225-320 m)
Population (est. 2008)
 - City 537,958 (33rd)
 - Density 4,018/sq mi (1,514/km2)
 - Urban 3,499,840
 - Urban Density 1,783/sq mi (688/km2)
 - Metro 5,376,290 (8th)
 - Metro Density 630/sq mi (243/km2)
 - Demonym Atlantan
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 30060, 30301-30322, 30324-30334, 30336-30350, 30353
Area code(s) 404, 470, 678, 770
FIPS code 13-04000[1]
GNIS feature ID 0351615[2]
Major airport Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport- ATL
Website atlantaga.gov

Atlanta (pronounced /ətˈlæntə/ or /ætˈlæntə/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Georgia, as well as the urban core of one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States.[3][4][5][6]

With a 2008 estimated population of 537,958,[7] Atlanta is the thirty-third largest city in the United States, and the 28-county Atlanta Metropolitan Area is the 8th-largest such region in the United States, and the largest in the Southeastern US with more than 5,376,285 residents.[8][9] The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area, home to 5,729,304 people, is the 10th largest in the country[10] and the city is considered to be the central metropolis and the unofficial capital of the region.[11][12]

Considered to be a top business city and transportation hub,[13][14] Atlanta is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, AT&T Mobility, and Delta Air Lines. The surrounding area contains additional corporate headquarters, including Home Depot and UPS. Atlanta has the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies along with Chicago inside city boundaries, and more than 75 percent of the Fortune 1000 companies have a presence in the Atlanta metropolitan area.[15][16] Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, which is located seven miles south of downtown Atlanta, is the world's busiest airport and the only major airport to serve the city.[17][18]

Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County and the fifth location for the seat of government of the state of Georgia. A small portion of the city of Atlanta corporate limits extends into DeKalb County. Residents of the city are known as Atlantans.[19]

Contents

[hide]

[edit] History

A map showing roads and Indian trails circa 1815, with late 19th century Fulton County and City of Atlanta outlines overlaid.

The land comprising the city of Atlanta was once a Native American village called Standing Peachtree. The land that became the Atlanta area was stolen from the Cherokee and Creeks by white settlers in 1822, with the first area settlement being Decatur.

On December 21, 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western and Atlantic Railroad to provide a trade route to the Midwestern United States.[20] Following the forced removal of the Cherokee Nation between 1838 and 1839 the newly depopulated area was opened for the construction of a railroad. The area around the eastern terminus to the line began to develop first, and so the settlement was named "Terminus" in 1837. It was nicknamed Thrasherville after John Thrasher, who built homes and a general store there.[21] By 1842, the settlement had six buildings and 30 residents and the town was renamed "Marthasville".[22] The Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, J. Edgar Thomson, suggested that the area be renamed "Atlantica-Pacifica", which was quickly shortened to "Atlanta".[22] The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29, 1847.[23] By 1854, another railroad connected Atlanta to LaGrange, and the town grew to 9,554 by 1860.[24][25]

A slave auction house on Whitehall Street in 1864 before being burned by Sherman's army

During the American Civil War, Atlanta served as an important railroad and military supply hub. In 1864, the city became the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by Atlanta was the scene of several battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, and the Battle of Ezra Church. On September 1, 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta after a four-month siege mounted by Union General William T. Sherman and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed. The next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered the city, and on September 7 Sherman ordered the civilian population to evacuate. He then ordered Atlanta burned to the ground on November 11 in preparation for his march south, though he spared the city's churches and hospitals.[26]

Roundhouse in Atlanta, Georgia following extensive American Civil War damage. Digitally restored albumen print, 1866.

The rebuilding of the city was gradual. From 1867 until 1888, U.S. Army soldiers occupied McPherson Barracks in southwest Atlanta to ensure Reconstruction era reforms. To help the newly freed slaves, the Freedmen's Bureau worked in tandem with a number of freedmen's aid organizations, especially the American Missionary Association. In 1868, Atlanta became the fifth city to serve as the state capital.[27] Henry W. Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, promoted the city to investors as a city of the "New South", one built on a modern economy, less reliant on agriculture. However, as Atlanta grew, ethnic and racial tensions mounted. The Atlanta Race Riot of 1906 left at least 27 dead[28] and over 70 injured.

In 1907, Peachtree Street, the main street of Atlanta, was busy with streetcars and automobiles.

On December 15, 1939, Atlanta hosted the premiere of Gone with the Wind, the movie based on Atlanta-born Margaret Mitchell's best-selling novel of the same name. Stars Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, and Olivia de Havilland attended the gala, which was held at Loew's Grand Theatre.[29]

During World War II, manufacturing such as the Bell Aircraft factory in the suburb of Marietta helped boost the city's population and economy. Shortly after the war, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was founded in Atlanta.[30]

In the wake of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education, which helped usher in the Civil Rights Movement, racial tensions in Atlanta began to express themselves in acts of violence. On October 12, 1958, a Reform Jewish temple on Peachtree Street was bombed; the synagogue's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild, was an outspoken advocate of integration.[31] A group of anti-Semitic white supremacists calling themselves the "Confederate Underground" claimed responsibility.

Atlanta's Inman Park neighborhood was the city's first planned suburb. Today, it features many mansions and colorful restored bungalows.

In the 1960s, Atlanta was a major organizing center of the Civil Rights Movement, as Dr. Martin Luther King and students from Atlanta's historically black colleges and universities played major roles in the movement's leadership. Two of the most important civil rights organizations, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, had their national headquarters in Atlanta. Despite some racial protests during the Civil Rights era, Atlanta's political and business leaders labored to foster Atlanta's image as "the city too busy to hate". In 1961, Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. became one of the few Southern white mayors to support desegregation of his city's public schools.[32]

African-American Atlantans demonstrated growing political influence with election of the first African-American mayor in 1973. They became a majority in the city during the late 20th century but suburbanization, rising prices, a booming economy and new migrants have decreased their percentage in the city from a high of 66.8 percent in 1990 to about 54 percent in 2004. The addition of new immigrants such as Latinos and Asians is also altering city demographics, along with an influx of white residents.[33]

In 1990, Atlanta was selected as the site for the 1996 Summer Olympics. Following the announcement, Atlanta undertook several major construction projects to improve the city's parks, sports facilities, and transportation. Atlanta became the third American city to host the Summer Olympics. The games themselves were marred by numerous organizational inefficiencies, as well as the Centennial Olympic Park bombing.[34]

Contemporary Atlanta is sometimes considered to be an archetype for cities experiencing rapid growth and urban sprawl.[35][36] Unlike most major cities, metropolitan Atlanta does not have any natural boundaries, such as an ocean, lakes, or mountains, that might constrain growth.

The city has recently been commended by bodies such as the Environmental Protection Agency for its eco-friendly policies.[37] In 2009, Atlanta's Virginia-Highland became the first carbon-neutral zone in the United States. Verus Carbon Neutral developed the partnership that links 17 merchants of the historic Corner Virginia-Highland shopping and dining neighborhood retail district, through the Chicago Climate Exchange, to directly fund the Valley Wood Carbon Sequestration Project (thousands of acres of forest in rural Georgia).[38][39]

[edit] Geography

Atlanta's Piedmont Park, with a blanket of winter snow.

[edit] Topography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 343.0 km2 (132.4 sq mi). 341.2 km2 (131.7 sq mi) of it is land and 1.8 km2 (1 sq mi) of it is water. The total area is 0.51% water. At about 1,050 feet (320 m) above mean sea level (the airport is at 1,010 feet (308 m)), Atlanta sits atop a ridge south of the Chattahoochee River. Atlanta has the highest average elevation of any major city east of Denver.

The Eastern Continental Divide line enters Atlanta from the south, proceeding to the downtown area. From downtown, the divide line runs eastward along DeKalb Avenue and the CSX rail lines through Decatur.[40] Rainwater that falls on the south and east side runs eventually into the Atlantic Ocean, while rainwater on the north and west side of the divide runs into the Gulf of Mexico[40] via the Chattahoochee River. That river is part of the ACF River Basin, and from which Atlanta and many of its neighbors draw most of their water. Being at the far northwestern edge of the city, much of the river's natural habitat is still preserved, in part by the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area. Downstream however, excessive water use during droughts and pollution during floods has been a source of contention and legal battles with neighboring states Alabama and Florida.[41][42]

[edit] Climate

Atlanta has a humid subtropical climate, (Cfa) according to the Köppen classification, with hot, humid summers and mild, but occasionally chilly winters by the standards of the southern United States. July highs average 89 °F (32 °C) or above, and low average 71 °F (22 °C).[43] Infrequently, temperatures can even exceed 100 °F (38 °C). The highest temperature recorded in the city is 105 °F (41 °C), reached in July, 1980.[43] January is the coldest month, with an average high of 52 °F (11 °C), and low of 33 °F (1 °C).[43] Generally average lows are in the upper 20s and lower 30s in the north Georgia region. Warm fronts can bring springlike temperatures in the 60s (high teens) and 70s (low 20s) in winter, and Arctic air masses can drop temperatures into the single digits (around -15 C) as well. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −9 °F (−23 °C) in February 1899.[43] A close second was −8 °F (−22 °C), reached in January 1985.[43] Atlanta has a more temperate climate than other southern cities of the same latitude due to its relatively high elevation of (1,050 feet (320 m) above sea level.

Like the rest of the southeastern U.S., Atlanta receives abundant rainfall, which is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year. Average annual rainfall is 50.2 inches (1,275 mm).[44] An average year sees frost on 36 days; snowfall averages about 2 inches (5 cm) annually. The heaviest single storm brought 10 inches (25 cm) on January 23, 1940.[45] Blizzards are rare but possible; one hit in March 1993. Frequent ice storms can cause more problems than snow; the most severe such storm may have occurred on January 7, 1973.[46]

[hide]Weather data for Atlanta, Georgia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 79
(26)
80
(27)
89
(32)
93
(34)
97
(36)
102
(39)
105
(41)
104
(40)
102
(39)
95
(35)
84
(29)
79
(26)
105
(41)
Average high °F (°C) 52
(11)
57
(14)
65
(18)
73
(23)
80
(27)
87
(31)
89
(32)
88
(31)
82
(28)
73
(23)
63
(17)
55
(13)
72
(22)
Average low °F (°C) 33
(1)
37
(3)
44
(7)
50
(10)
59
(15)
67
(19)
71
(22)
70
(21)
64
(18)
53
(12)
44
(7)
36
(2)
52
(11)
Record low °F (°C) -8
(-22)
-9
(-23)
10
(-12)
25
(-4)
37
(3)
39
(4)
53
(12)
55
(13)
36
(2)
28
(-2)
3
(-16)
0
(-18)
-9
(-23)
Precipitation inches (mm) 5.03
(127.8)
4.68
(118.9)
5.38
(136.7)
3.62
(91.9)
3.95
(100.3)
3.63
(92.2)
5.12
(130)
3.67
(93.2)
4.09
(103.9)
3.11
(79)
4.10
(104.1)
3.82
(97)
50.2
(1,275.1)
Snowfall inches (mm) 0.9
(22.9)
0.5
(12.7)
0.4
(10.2)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.2
(5.1)
2.0
(50.8)
Avg. rainy days 11 10 11 9 9 10 12 10 8 6 8 10 114
Source: The Weather Channel[43] Weatherbase.com[47] August 2009

In 2007, the American Lung Association ranked Atlanta as having the 13th highest level of particle pollution in the United States[48] The combination of pollution and pollen levels, and uninsured citizens caused the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America to name Atlanta as the worst American city for asthma sufferers to live in.[49]

On March 14, 2008, an EF2 tornado hit downtown Atlanta with winds up to 135 mph (217 km/h). The tornado caused damage to Philips Arena, the Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel, the Georgia Dome, Centennial Olympic Park, the CNN Center, and the Georgia World Congress Center. It also damaged the nearby neighborhoods of Vine City to the west and Cabbagetown, and Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills to the east. While there were dozens of injuries, only one fatality was reported.[50] City officials warned it could take months to clear the devastation left by the tornado. [51]

[edit] Cityscape

The central Atlanta skyline spanning Downtown Atlanta (center) to Midtown Atlanta (right) )

[edit] Architecture

Atlanta's skyline is punctuated with highrise and midrise buildings of modern and postmodern vintage. Its tallest landmark – the Bank of America Plaza – is the 37th-tallest building in the world at 1,023 feet (312 m). It is also the tallest building in the United States outside of Chicago and New York City.[52]

Unlike many other Southern cities such as Savannah, Charleston, Wilmington, and New Orleans, Atlanta chose not to retain its historic Old South architectural characteristics. Instead, Atlanta viewed itself as the leading city of a progressive "New South" and opted for expressive modern structures.[53] Atlanta's skyline includes works by most major U.S. firms and some of the more prominent architects of the 20th century, including Michael Graves, Richard Meier, Renzo Piano, Pickard Chilton, and soon, David Chipperfield. Atlanta's most notable hometown architect may be John Portman whose creation of the atrium hotel beginning with the Hyatt Regency Atlanta (1967) made a significant mark on the hospitality sector. Through his work, Portman -- a graduate of Georgia Tech's College of Architecture -- reshaped downtown Atlanta with his designs for the Atlanta Merchandise Mart, Peachtree Center, the Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel, and SunTrust Plaza. The city's highrises are clustered in three districts in the city — Downtown, Midtown, and Buckhead. [54] (there are two more major suburban clusters, Perimeter Center to the north and Cumberland/Vinings to the northwest). The central business district, clustered around the Hyatt Regency Atlanta hotel – one of the tallest buildings in Atlanta at the time of its completion in 1967 – also includes the newer 191 Peachtree Tower, Westin Peachtree Plaza, SunTrust Plaza, Georgia-Pacific Tower, and the buildings of Peachtree Center. Midtown Atlanta, farther north, developed rapidly after the completion of One Atlantic Center in 1987.

[edit] Urban development

Many of Atlanta's inner city neighborhood have gone through gentrification at a very large and rapid scale. One example of this is here in Midtown West.
Rapid urbanization has increased the supply of residential units within the City of Atlanta; this construction is along the "Midtown Mile".

Businesses continue to move into the Midtown district.[55] The district's newest office tower, 1180 Peachtree, opened there in 2006 at a height of 645 feet (197 m), and achieved a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) gold certification that year from the U.S. Green Building Council. Atlanta has been in the midst of a construction and retail boom, with over 60 new highrise or midrise buildings either proposed or under construction as of April 19, 2006.[56] October 2005 marked the opening of Atlantic Station, a former brownfield steel plant site redeveloped into a mixed-use urban district. In early 2006, Mayor Franklin set in motion a plan to make the 14-block stretch of Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta (nicknamed "Midtown Mile") a street-level shopping destination envisioned to rival Beverly Hills' Rodeo Drive or Chicago's Magnificent Mile.[57][58]

In spite of civic efforts such as the opening of Centennial Olympic Park in downtown in 1996, Atlanta ranks near last in area of park land per capita among cities of similar population density, with 8.9 acres (36,000 m2) per thousand residents (36 m²/resident) in 2005.[59] The city has a reputation, however, as a "city of trees" or a "city in a forest";[60][61] beyond the central Atlanta and Buckhead business districts, the skyline gives way to a sometimes dense canopy of woods that spreads into the suburbs. Founded in 1985, Trees Atlanta has planted and distributed over 68,000 shade trees.[62]

The city's northern district, Buckhead, is eight miles north of downtown Atlanta and features wealthy neighborhoods, such as Peachtree Battle, Tuxedo Park, peachtree hills, and Chastain Park, and is consistently ranked as one of the most affluent neighborhoods in America. Atlanta's East Side is quickly emerging as an intown destination as a result of the rapid gentrification it has undergone in the current decade. It boasts hip and urban neighborhoods with craftsman bungalows, Victorian mansions, and new infill. Some of the more established neighborhoods include Inman Park, Candler Park, Lake Claire, and Little Five Points. The more affordable neighborhoods of Kirkwood, Old Fourth Ward, East Atlanta, Cabbagetown, Reynoldstown and Edgewood also have much to offer.[63] In the city's Southwestern section, Collier Heights is home for the wealthy and elite African-American population of the city, and features neighborhoods such as Cascade Heights and Peyton Forest.[64]

[edit] Culture

[edit] Entertainment and performing arts

Atlanta's classical music scene includes the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Atlanta Opera, Atlanta Ballet, New Trinity Baroque, the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra, Georgia Boy Choir and the Atlanta Boy Choir. Classical musicians have included renowned conductors Robert Shaw and the Atlanta Symphony's Robert Spano.

The city has a well-known and active live music scene. The Fox Theatre is an historic landmark and one of the highest grossing venues in the world. The city also has a large collection of highly successful music venues of various sizes that host top and emerging touring acts. Popular local venues include the Tabernacle, the Variety Playhouse, The Masquerade and the EARL.

The most famous galleries in the city include the renowned High Museum of Art, the Center for Puppetry Arts, the Atlanta Institute for the Arts, and the Georgia Museum of Contemporary Art.

[edit] Tourism

Martin Luther King, Jr. and Corretta Scott King Tomb in the Sweet Auburn district, preserved as the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site.
Atlanta's Piedmont Park is the city's largest park. A portion of the park is seen here with the Midtown Atlanta Skyline.

Atlanta attracts the thirteenth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States, with more than 478,000 foreign visitors arriving in the city in 2007.[65] That same year (according to Forbes), it was estimated that Atlanta attracted 37 million visitors into the city.[66] The city features the world's largest indoor aquarium,[67] the Georgia Aquarium, which officially opened to the public on November 23, 2005. The new World of Coca-Cola, opened adjacent to the Aquarium in May 2007, features the history of the world-famous soft drink brand and provides visitors the opportunity to taste different Coca-Cola products from around the world. Underground Atlanta, a historic shopping and entertainment complex lies under the streets of downtown Atlanta. Atlantic Station, a huge new urban renewal project on the northwestern edge of Midtown Atlanta, officially opened in October 2005.

The Varsity has been an Atlanta landmark for over 75 years.

Atlanta hosts a variety of museums on subjects ranging from history to fine arts, natural history, and beverages. Museums and attractions in the city include the Atlanta History Center; the Carter Center; the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site; APEX Museum; the Atlanta Cyclorama and Civil War Museum; historic house museum Rhodes Hall; and the Margaret Mitchell House and Museum. Children's museums include The Fernbank Science Center and Imagine It! Children's Museum of Atlanta.

Piedmont Park hosts many of Atlanta's festivals and cultural events.[68] Atlanta Botanical Garden sits next to the park. Zoo Atlanta, in Grant Park, features a panda exhibit. Just east of the city rises Stone Mountain, the largest piece of exposed granite in the world.[69]

During Labor Day weekend each year, Atlanta hosts the popular multi-genre convention Dragon*Con, held downtown at the Hyatt Regency, Marriot Marquis, Hilton and Sheraton hotels. The event attracts an estimated 30,000 attendees annually.

[edit] Sports

Atlanta is home to several professional sports franchises, including teams from all four different major league sports in the U.S. The Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball and the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League, have played in the city since 1966. The Braves began playing in 1871 as the Boston Red Stockings, and is the oldest continually operating professional sports franchise in America.[70] The Braves won the World Series in 1995, and had an unprecedented run of 14 straight divisional championships from 1991 to 2005.

The Atlanta Falcons are an American football team of the National Football League have played in Atlanta since 1966. The team currently plays at the Georgia Dome. They have won the division title three times, and one conference championship – going on to lose to the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXXIII on January 31, 1999. Atlanta hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000.[71]

The Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association have played in Atlanta since 1968. The team's history goes back to 1946, when they were known as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks, playing in the area now known as the Quad Cities (Moline and Rock Island, Illinois, and Davenport, Iowa). The team then moved to Milwaukee in 1951, and to St. Louis in 1955, where they won their sole NBA Championship as the St. Louis Hawks. In 1968, they came to Atlanta.[72] In October 2007, the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) announced that Atlanta would receive an expansion franchise, that commenced their first season in May 2008. The new team is the Atlanta Dream, and plays in Philips Arena. The new franchise is not affiliated with the Atlanta Hawks.[73]

From 1972–1980, the Atlanta Flames played ice hockey in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team moved to Calgary, Alberta, Canada in 1980, due to financial difficulties of the owner, and became the Calgary Flames. On June 25, 1997, Atlanta was awarded an NHL expansion franchise, and the Atlanta Thrashers became the city's newest ice hockey team. The Thrashers play at Philips Arena. The team began play on September 18, 1999, losing to the New York Rangers 3-2 in overtime in a preseason game. The Thrashers first home victory came on October 26, 1999, defeating the Calgary Flames.[74]

Atlanta was also home to the Atlanta Silverbacks of the United Soccer Leagues First Division (men) and W-League (women). In 2007, the Silverbacks had their best season advancing to the USL Finals against the Seattle Sounders who have actually have been promoted to the MLS. However, they lost 3-0 in the championship. The city is supposedly also being considered for a potential expansion team in Major League Soccer.[75] The Atlanta Chiefs won the championship of the now-defunct North American Soccer League in 1968. In golf, the final PGA Tour event of the season that features elite players, The Tour Championship, is played annually at East Lake Golf Club.[76] This golf course is used because of its connection to the great amateur golfer Bobby Jones, an Atlanta native.

Atlanta has a rich tradition in collegiate athletics. The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets participate in seventeen intercollegiate sports, including football and basketball. Tech competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and is home to Bobby Dodd Stadium, the oldest continuously used on campus site for college football in the southern United States, and oldest currently in Division I FBS.[77] The stadium was built in 1913 by students of Georgia Tech. Atlanta also played host to the second intercollegiate football game in the South, played between Auburn University and the University of Georgia in Piedmont Park in 1892; this game is now called the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry.[78] The city hosts college football's annual Chick-fil-A Bowl (Formerly known as The Peach Bowl) and the Peachtree Road Race, the world’s largest 10 km race.[79]

Atlanta was the host city for the Centennial 1996 Summer Olympics. Centennial Olympic Park, built for 1996 Summer Olympics, sits adjacent to CNN Center and Philips Arena. It is now operated by the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Atlanta hosted the NCAA Final Four Men's Basketball Championship most recently in April 2007.

Atlanta is home to two of the nation's Gaelic Football teams, Na Fianna Ladies Gaelic Football Club and Clan na nGael Ladies Gaelic Football Club. Both are members of the North American County Board, a branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association, the worldwide governing body of Gaelic games. [12].

Club Sport League Venue League Championships/Championship Appearances
Atlanta Falcons American Football National Football League Georgia Dome 0, Super Bowl XXXIII
Atlanta Braves Baseball Major League Baseball, NL Turner Field 3 (1914, 1957, 1995), 5(1991, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1999)
Atlanta Hawks Basketball National Basketball Association Philips Arena 1 (1958)
Atlanta Thrashers Ice hockey National Hockey League Philips Arena 0
Atlanta Dream Women's Basketball Women's National Basketball Association Philips Arena 0
Atlanta Silverbacks Soccer (Football) USL First Division RE/MAX Greater Atlanta Stadium 0, 1 (2007)
Atlanta Beat Women's soccer (Football) Women's Professional Soccer RE/MAX Greater Atlanta Stadium 0
Atlanta Xplosion Women's football Independent Women's Football League James R. Halford Stadium 1 (2006), 3 (2005, 2006, 2007)
Georgia Force Arena Football Arena Football League Arena at Gwinnett Center 0, 1 (ArenaBowl XIX)
Gwinnett Gladiators Ice hockey ECHL Arena at Gwinnett Center 0, 1 (2005–2006 Kelly Cup Finals)
Gwinnett Braves Baseball International League Gwinnett Stadium 0

[edit] Media

The Atlanta metro area is served by many local television stations and is the eighth largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 2,310,490 homes (2.0% of the total U.S.).[80] There are also numerous local radio stations serving every genre of music and sports. The four major networks are WSB-TV (ABC), WAGA-TV (FOX), WXIA-TV (NBC), and WGCL-TV (CBS). WXIA also owns MyAtl-TV (CW) and airs their 10 pm news there.

[edit] Economy

The World of Coca-Cola museum reopened at a new location near the Georgia Aquarium on May 26, 2007.
Delta Air Lines headquarters

Atlanta is one of eight U.S. cities classified as a "beta world city" by a 2008 study at Loughborough University,[81] and ranks third in the number of Fortune 500 companies headquartered within city boundaries, behind New York City and Houston.[82] Several major national and international companies are headquartered in Atlanta or its nearby suburbs, including three Fortune 100 companies: The Coca-Cola Company, Home Depot, and United Parcel Service in adjacent Sandy Springs. The headquarters of AT&T Mobility (formerly Cingular Wireless), the second largest mobile phone service provider in the United States, is located near Lenox Square.[83] Newell Rubbermaid is one of the most recent companies to relocate to the metro area; in October 2006, it announced plans to move its headquarters to Sandy Springs.[84] Other headquarters for some major companies in Atlanta and around the metro area include Arby's, Chick-fil-A, Earthlink, Equifax, Gentiva Health Services, Georgia-Pacific, Oxford Industries, RaceTrac Petroleum, Southern Company, SunTrust Banks, Mirant, and Waffle House. In early June 2009, NCR Corporation announced that they will relocate its headquarters to the nearby suburb of Duluth, Georgia.[85] Over 75% of the Fortune 1000 companies have a presence in the Atlanta area, and the region hosts offices of about 1,250 multinational corporations. As of 2006 Atlanta Metropolitan Area ranks as the 10th largest cybercity(high-tech center) in the US, with 126,700 high-tech jobs.[86]

Delta Air Lines is the city's largest employer and the metro area's third largest.[87] Delta operates one of the world's largest airline hubs at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport and, together with the hub of competing carrier AirTran Airways, has helped make Hartsfield-Jackson the world's busiest airport, both in terms of passenger traffic and aircraft operations. The airport, since its construction in the 1950s, has served as a key engine of Atlanta's economic growth.[88]

Atlanta has a sizable financial sector. SunTrust Banks, the seventh largest bank by asset holdings in the United States,[89] has its home office on Peachtree Street in downtown.[90] The Federal Reserve System has a district headquarters in Atlanta; the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which oversees much of the deep South, relocated from downtown to midtown in 2001.[91] Wachovia announced plans in August 2006 to place its new credit-card division in Atlanta,[92] and city, state and civic leaders harbor long-term hopes of having the city serve as the home of the secretariat of a future Free Trade Area of the Americas.[93]

The auto manufacturing sector in metropolitan Atlanta has suffered setbacks recently, including the planned closure of the General Motors Doraville Assembly plant in 2008, and the shutdown of Ford Motor Company's Atlanta Assembly plant in Hapeville in 2006. Kia, however, has broken ground on a new assembly plant near West Point, Georgia.[94]

The city is a major cable television programming center. Ted Turner began the Turner Broadcasting System media empire in Atlanta, where he bought a UHF station that eventually became WTBS. Turner established the headquarters of the Cable News Network at CNN Center, adjacent today to Centennial Olympic Park. As his company grew, its other channels – the Cartoon Network, Boomerang, TNT, Turner South, Turner Classic Movies, CNN International, CNN en Español, HLN, and CNN Airport Network – centered their operations in Atlanta as well (Turner South has since been sold). Turner Broadcasting is a division of Time Warner. The Weather Channel, owned by a consortium of NBC Universal, Blackstone Group, and Bain Capital, has its offices in the nearby suburb of Marietta.

Cox Enterprises, a privately held company controlled by siblings Barbara Cox Anthony and Anne Cox Chambers has substantial media holdings in and beyond Atlanta; it is headquartered in the City of Sandy Springs.[95][96] Its Cox Communications division, headquartered in unincorporated DeKalb County,[97] is the third-largest cable television service provider in the United States;[98] the company also publishes over a dozen daily newspapers in the United States, including The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. WSB – the flagship station of Cox Radio – was the first AM radio station in the South.[citation needed]

Unincorporated DeKalb County is also home to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Adjacent to Emory University, with a staff of nearly 15,000 (including 6,000 contractors and 840 Commissioned Corps officers) in 170 occupations, including: engineers, entomologists, epidemiologists, biologists, physicians, veterinarians, behavioral scientists, nurses, medical technologists, economists, health communicators, toxicologists, chemists, computer scientists, and statisticians. Headquartered in DeKalb County, CDC has 10 other offices throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. In addition, CDC staff are located in local health agencies, quarantine/border health offices at ports of entry, and 45 countries around the world. Originally established in 1946 as the Communicable Disease Center, its primary function was to combat malaria, the deep southeast being the heart of the U.S. malaria zone at the time.[citation needed]

[edit] Law and government

Atlanta is governed by a mayor and a city council. The city council consists of 15 representatives—one from each of the city's twelve districts and three at-large positions. The mayor may veto a bill passed by the council, but the council can override the veto with a two-thirds majority.[99] The mayor of Atlanta is Shirley Franklin.

Every mayor elected since 1973 has been black.[100] Maynard Jackson served two terms and was succeeded by Andrew Young in 1982. Jackson returned for a third term in 1990 and was succeeded by Bill Campbell. In 2001, Shirley Franklin became the first woman to be elected Mayor of Atlanta, and the first African-American woman to serve as mayor of a major southern city.[101] She was re-elected for a second term in 2005, winning 90% of the vote. Atlanta city politics during the Campbell administration suffered from a notorious reputation for corruption, and in 2006 a federal jury convicted former mayor Bill Campbell on three counts of tax evasion in connection with gambling income he received while Mayor during trips he took with city contractors.[102]

As the state capital, Atlanta is the site of most of Georgia's state government. The Georgia State Capitol building, located downtown, houses the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor and secretary of state, as well as the General Assembly. The Governor's Mansion is located on West Paces Ferry Road, in a residential section of Buckhead. Atlanta is also home to Georgia Public Broadcasting headquarters and Peachnet, and is the county seat of Fulton County, with which it shares responsibility for the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System. The city of Atlanta is served by the Atlanta Police Department, which has an estimated 1700 officers working in the force.

The United States Postal Service operates several post offices throughout the city. The Atlanta Main Post Office is located at 3900 Crown Road SW, in close proximity to Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[103]

[edit] Crime

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's annual Uniform Crime Report, Atlanta recorded 141 homicides in 2006, down from 151 in 2004. In 2007 Dekalb County had a record 102 murders, Clayton County amassed 56 murders, and unincorparted parts of Fulton County (East Point, College Park, and Union City) recorded 75. All together, the five-county core area of metro Atlanta (Cobb, Clayton, Fulton, Gwinnett, and Dekalb counties) recorded 487 murders in 2007.[104] Atlanta's incident rate for violent crimes is higher than most other major US cities.[105]

Atlanta's Mayor Franklin is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,[106] an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.

[edit] Demographics

According to the 2005–2007 American Community Survey, White Americans made up 37.7% of Atlanta's population; of which 35.7% were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 56.8% of Atlanta's population; of which 56.4% were non-Hispanic blacks. American Indians made up 0.2% of the city's population; of which 0.1% were non-Hispanic. Asian Americans made up 1.9% of the city's population. Pacific Islander Americans made up less than 0.1% of the city's population. Individuals from some other race made up 2.3% of the city's population; of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 1.1% of the city's population; of which 1.0% were non-Hispanic. In addition, Hispanics and Latinos made up 4.7% of Atlanta's population.[107][108]

As of the 2008 American Community Survey, the city of Atlanta had a population of 537,958; an increase of 28% from the 2000 Census.[109] As of the 2007 U.S. Census estimates, the Atlanta metropolitan area had an estimated population of 5,376,285.[110] The racial makeup of the city was 56.8% black, 37.7% white, 2.0% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 2.3% from some other race, and 1.0% from two or more races; 4.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[111] The city of Atlanta also has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita. It ranks 3rd of all major cities, behind San Francisco and slightly behind Seattle, with 12.8% of the city's total population recognizing themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.[112][113] According to the 2000 United States Census (revised in 2004), Atlanta has the twelfth highest proportion of single-person households nationwide among cities of 100,000 or more residents, which was at 38.5%.[114]

The median income for a household in the city was $51,482 and the median income for a family was $55,939. Males had a median income of $36,162 compared to $30,178 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,772. About 22.7% of the population and 21.3% of families lived below the poverty line.

According to a 2000 daytime population estimate by the Census Bureau,[115] over 250,000 more people commuted to Atlanta on any given workday, boosting the city's estimated daytime population to 676,431. This is an increase of 62.4% over Atlanta's resident population, making it the largest gain in daytime population in the country among cities with fewer than 500,000 residents.

According to census estimates, Metropolitan Atlanta is the fastest growing area in the nation since 2000 by numerical increase.[116] It was the fourth-fastest growing metro area from 2007 to 2008 in terms of numerical increase.[117] The city of Atlanta itself was the thirteenth fastest growing city in the nation, in terms of both percentage and numerical increase.[118]

Atlanta is also seeing a unique and drastic demographic increase in its white population, and at a pace that outstrips the rest of the nation. The proportion of whites in the city's population, according to Brookings Institution, grew faster between 2000 and 2006 than that of any other U.S. city. It increased from 31% in 2000 to 35% in 2006, a numeric gain of 26,000, more than double the increase between 1990 and 2000. The trend seems to be gathering strength with each passing year. Only Washington, D.C. saw a comparable increase in white population share during those years.[119]

The Korean population of Metro Atlanta has also seen a drastic change. Metro Atlanta currently is home to the fastest-growing Korean population in the country. The Korean population saw a sharp increase from 42,000 in 2000, to an estimated 80,000 in 2006.[120]

Since the 1990s, the number of immigrants from Latin America to the Atlanta metropolitan area has greatly increased. This flow of immigrants has brought new cultural and religious practices and affect the economy and demography of the urban area, resulting in vibrant Hispanic communities within the city.

Atlanta is also home to the fastest growing millionaire population in the United States. The number of households in Atlanta with $1 million or more in investable assets, not including primary residence and consumable goods, will increase 69% through 2011, to approximately 103,000 households.[121]

[edit] Surrounding municipalities

The population of the Atlanta region spreads across a metropolitan area of 8,376 square miles (21,694 km2) – a land area larger than that of Massachusetts.[122] Because Georgia contains more counties than any other state east of the Mississippi River,[123] area residents live under a heavily decentralized collection of governments. As of the 2000 census, fewer than one in ten residents of the metropolitan area lived inside Atlanta city proper.[124]

[edit] Religion

North Avenue Presbyterian Church, on the southeast corner of North Avenue and Peachtree Street
Interior of the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church in Sweet Auburn

There are over 1,000 places of worship within the city of Atlanta.[125] Protestant Christian faiths are well represented in Atlanta,[126] the city historically being a major center for traditional Southern denominations such as the Southern Baptist Convention, the United Methodist Church, and the Presbyterian Church (USA). There are a large number of "mega churches" in the area, especially in suburban areas.

Atlanta contains a large, and rapidly growing, Roman Catholic population which grew from 292,300 members in 1998 to 750,000 members in 2008, an increase of 156 percent.[127] About 10 percent of all metropolitan Atlanta residents are Catholic.[128] As the see of the 84 parish Archdiocese of Atlanta, Atlanta serves as the metropolitan see for the Province of Atlanta. The archdiocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Christ the King and the current archbishop is the Most Rev. Wilton D. Gregory.[129][130] Also located in the metropolitan area are several Eastern Catholic parishes.[131]

The city hosts the Greek Orthodox Annunciation Cathedral, the see of the Metropolis of Atlanta and its bishop, Alexios. Other Orthodox Christian jurisdictions represented by parishes in the Atlanta area include the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church, the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church in America.

Atlanta is also the see of the Episcopal Diocese of Atlanta, which includes all of northern Georgia, much of middle Georgia and the Chattahoochee River valley of western Georgia. This Diocese is headquartered at the Cathedral of St Philip in Buckhead and is led by the Right Reverend J. Neil Alexander.[132]

Atlanta serves as headquarters for several regional church bodies also. The Southeastern Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America maintains offices in downtown Atlanta; ELCA parishes are numerous throughout the metro area. There are eight United Church of Christ congregations in the Atlanta metro area, one of which, First Congregational in the Sweet Auburn neighborhood, is noted for being the church with which former mayor Andrew Young is affiliated.

Traditional African American denominations such as the National Baptist Convention and the African Methodist Episcopal Church are strongly represented in the area. These churches have several seminaries that form the Interdenominational Theological Center complex in the Atlanta University Center.

The headquarters for The Salvation Army's United States Southern Territory is located in Atlanta.[133] The denomination has eight churches, numerous social service centers, and youth clubs located throughout the Atlanta area.

The city has a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints located in the suburb of Sandy Springs, Georgia.

The BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta in adjacent Lilburn, Georgia is currently the largest Hindu temple in the world outside of India.[134] It is one of approximately 15 Hindu temples in the metro Atlanta area, along with 7 other Hindu temples in Georgia serving nearly 100,000 Hindus in Atlanta, Augusta, Macon, Perry, Savannah, Columbus, Rome/Cartersville and other remote centers.

There also are an estimated 75,000 Muslims in the area and approximately 35 mosques.[135]

Metropolitan Atlanta is also home to a Jewish community estimated to include 120,000 individuals in 61,300 households.[136] This study places Atlanta's Jewish population as the 11th largest in the United States, up from 17th largest in 1996.[136] Atlanta also has a considerable number of ethinic Christian congregations such as Korean Baptist/Methodist/Presbyterian Churches, Tamil Church Atlanta, Telugu Church, Hindi Church, Malayalam Church, Ethiopian, Chinese, and many more traditional ethnic religious groups.

[edit] Education

Main Quad on Emory University's Druid Hills Campus.

[edit] Colleges and universities

Atlanta is home to one of the largest concentrations of colleges and universities in the country. The city has more than 30 institutions of higher education, including the Georgia Institute of Technology, a predominant engineering and research university that has been ranked in the top ten public universities since 1999 by US News and World Report, and Georgia State University. The city also hosts the Atlanta University Center, the largest consortium of historically black colleges and universities in the country. Its members include Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse College, Spelman College, and the Interdenominational Theological Center. Adjoining the AUC schools, but independent from them, is the Morehouse School of Medicine. The Savannah College of Art and Design opened a Midtown Atlanta campus in 2005 and shortly thereafter bought out and closed the Atlanta College of Art. Also in the city are the John Marshall Law School and the Reformed Theological Seminary.

Outer Atlanta contains several colleges, including Emory University, an internationally prominent liberal arts and research institution that has been consistently ranked as one of the top 20 schools in the United States by US News and World Report; Oglethorpe University, a small liberal arts school named for the founder of Georgia with a faculty rated 15th in the nation by the Princeton Review; Agnes Scott College, a women's college; and several state-run institutions such as Clayton State University, Georgia Perimeter College, Kennesaw State University, Southern Polytechnic State University, and the University of West Georgia.

[edit] Elementary and secondary schools

The public school system (Atlanta Public Schools) is run by the Atlanta Board of Education with superintendent Dr. Beverly L. Hall. As of 2007, the system has an active enrollment of 49,773 students, attending a total of 106 schools: including 58 elementary schools (three of which operate on a year-round calendar), 16 middle schools, 20 high schools, and 7 charter schools.[137] The school system also supports two alternative schools for middle and/or high school students, two single-sex academies, and an adult learning center.[137] The school system also owns and operates radio station WABE-FM 90.1, a National Public Radio affiliate, and Public Broadcasting Service television station WPBA 30.

[edit] Transportation

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA: ATLICAO: KATL), the world's busiest airport as measured by passenger traffic and by aircraft traffic,[138] provides air service between Atlanta and many national and international destinations.Delta Air Lines and Airtran Airways maintains their largest hubs at the airport[139][140]. Situated 10 miles (16 km) south of downtown, the airport covers most of the land inside a wedge formed by Interstate 75, Interstate 85, and Interstate 285. The MARTA rail system has a station in the airport terminal, and provides direct service to Downtown, Midtown, Buckhead, and Sandy Springs. The major general aviation airports near the city proper are DeKalb-Peachtree Airport (IATA: PDKICAO: KPDK) and Brown Field (IATA: FTYICAO: KFTY). See List of airports in the Atlanta area for a more complete listing.

With a comprehensive network of freeways that radiate out from the city, Atlantans rely on their cars as the dominant mode of transportation in the region[141] Atlanta is mostly encircled by Interstate 285, a beltway locally known as "the Perimeter" which has come to mark the boundary between the interior of the region and its surrounding suburbs.

Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority provides public transportation in Atlanta

Three major interstate highways converge in Atlanta; I-20 runs east to west across town, while I-75 runs from northwest to southeast, and I-85 runs from northeast to southwest. The latter two combine to form the Downtown Connector (I-75/85) through the middle of the city. The combined highway carries more than 340,000 vehicles per day. The Connector is one of the ten most congested segments of interstate highway in the United States.[142] The intersection of I-85 and I-285 in Doraville – officially called the Tom Moreland Interchange, is known to most residents as Spaghetti Junction.[143] Metropolitan Atlanta is approached by thirteen freeways. In addition to the aforementioned interstates, I-575, Georgia 400, Georgia 141, I-675, Georgia 316, I-985, Stone Mountain Freeway (US 78), and Langford Parkway (SR 166) all terminate just within or beyond the Perimeter, with the exception of Langford Parkway, limiting the transportation options in the central city.

This strong automotive reliance has resulted in heavy traffic and contributes to Atlanta's air pollution, which has made Atlanta one of the more polluted cities in the country.[144] The Clean Air Campaign was created in 1996 to help reduce pollution in metro Atlanta.

Around 2008 the Atlanta metro area has ranked at or near the top of the longest average commute times in the U.S. Also the Atlanta metro area has ranked at or near the top for worst traffic in the country.[145]

Notwithstanding heavy automotive usage, Atlanta's subway system, operated by Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA), is the seventh busiest in the country.[146] MARTA also operates a bus system within Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb and Gwinnett Counties. Clayton, Cobb, and Gwinnett counties each operate separate, autonomous transit authorities, using buses but no trains.

Atlanta has a reputation as being one of the most dangerous cities for pedestrians,[147] as far back as 1949 when the Gone with the Wind author Margaret Mitchell was struck by a speeding car and killed while crossing Peachtree Street.[148]

Part of the future Beltline in Piedmont Park

The proposed Beltline would create a greenway and public transit system in a circle around the city from a series of mostly abandoned rail lines. This rail right-of-way would also accommodate multi-use trails connecting a string of existing and new parks. In addition, there is a proposed streetcar project that would create a streetcar line along Peachtree Street from downtown to the Buckhead area as well as possibly another East-West MARTA line.

Atlanta began as a railroad town and it still serves as a major rail junction, with several freight lines belonging to Norfolk Southern and CSX intersecting below street level in downtown. It is the home of major classification yards for both railroads, Inman Yard on the NS and Tilford Yard on the CSX. Long-distance passenger service is provided by Amtrak's Crescent train, which connects Atlanta with many cities between New Orleans and New York. The Amtrak station is located several miles north of downtown — and it lacks a connection to the MARTA rail system. An ambitious, long-standing proposal would create a Multi-Modal Passenger Terminal downtown, adjacent to Philips Arena and the Five Points MARTA station, which would link, in a single facility, MARTA bus and rail, intercity bus services, proposed commuter rail services to other Georgia cities, and Amtrak.

Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service between Atlanta and many locations throughout the United States, Canada, and the Mexican border.

[edit] Sister cities

Atlanta has eighteen sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):[149]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  3. ^ http://money.cnn.com/2007/04/05/real_estate/fastest_growing_metro_areas/index.htm
  4. ^ Demographia United States Metropolitan Areas 2000–2006 (County Based) | publisher = Demographia | date= 2007-03-23 | url = http://www.demographia.com/db-metmic2004.pdf
  5. ^ http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/04/28/daily97.html
  6. ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9C0DE3DF1E30F936A15751C0A9669C8B63
  7. ^ http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-01.csv
  8. ^ http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/stories/2009/03/19/georgia_census_facts.html?cxntlid=inform_artr
  9. ^ http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/013426.html
  10. ^ http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2008/CSA-EST2008-alldata.csv
  11. ^ http://www.metroatlantachamber.com/macoc/business/img/alookatatlanta.pdf
  12. ^ http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1989.00162.x?cookieSet=1&journalCode=prog
  13. ^ http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/company-locations-facilities/6399916-1.html
  14. ^ http://www.business.gov/states/georgia/local/atlanta.html
  15. ^ www.georgiapower.com/grc/pdf/2q_2007.pdf
  16. ^ http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/04/21/daily15.html
  17. ^ http://www.atlanta-airport.com/docs/Traffic/200812.pdf
  18. ^ http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/03/10/daily44.html
  19. ^ The term "Atlantans" is widely used by both local media and national media.
  20. ^ "Creation of the Western and Atlantic Railroad". About North Georgia. Golden Ink. http://ngeorgia.com/railroads/warr01.html. Retrieved 2007-11-12. 
  21. ^ [1]
  22. ^ a b "A Short History of Atlanta: 1782–1859". CITY-DIRECTORY, Inc.. 2007-09-22. http://www.city-book.com/Overview/history/history1.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  23. ^ "Georgia History Timeline Chronology for December 29". Our Georgia History. http://ourgeorgiahistory.com/date/December_29. Retrieved 2007-08-30. 
  24. ^ Storey, Steve. "Atlanta & West Point Railroad". Georgia's Railroad History & Heritage. http://railga.com/atlwp.html. Retrieved 2007-09-28. 
  25. ^ "Atlanta Old and New: 1848 to 1868". Roadside Georgia. Golden Ink. http://roadsidegeorgia.com/city/atlanta02.html. Retrieved 2007-11-13. 
  26. ^ "A Short History of Atlanta: 1860–1864". CITY-DIRECTORY, Inc.. 2007-09-22. http://www.city-book.com/Overview/history/history2.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-01. 
  27. ^ Jackson, Edwin L.. "The Story of Georgia's Capitols and Capital Cities". Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia. http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/capital.htm#anchor671763. Retrieved 2007-11-13. 
  28. ^ "Atlanta Race Riot". The Coalition to Remember the 1906 Atlanta Race Riot. http://www.1906atlantaraceriot.org/. Retrieved 2006-09-06. 
  29. ^ Atlanta Premiere of Gone With The Wind
  30. ^ "Commemorating CDC's 60th Anniversary". CDC Website. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). http://www.cdc.gov/about/history/60th.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-18. 
  31. ^ Greene, Melissa Faye (2006). The Temple Bombing. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306815188. 
  32. ^ Hornsby, Alton (Winter — Autumn, 1991). "Black Public Education in Atlanta, Georgia, 1954–1973: From Segregation to Segregation". The Journal of Negro History (Association for the Study of African-American Life and History, Inc.) 76 (1): 21–47. ISSN 00222992. 
  33. ^ Dewan, Shaila (March 11, 2006). "Gentrification Changing Face of New Atlanta". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/11/national/11atlanta.html?ei=5090&en=bf1cb813a14f4341&ex=1299733200&adxnnl=0&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1142054955-6bzVsYXnlCDNwbMJEoswIg&pagewanted=all. 
  34. ^ "Olympic Games Atlanta, Georgia, U.S., 1996". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-249564/Olympic-Games. Retrieved 2008-01-02. 
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[edit] References

  • Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events: Years of Change and Challenge, 1940–1976 by Franklin M. Garrett, Harold H. Martin
  • Atlanta, Then and Now. Part of the Then and Now book series.
  • Craig, Robert (1995). Atlanta Architecture: Art Deco to Modern Classic, 1929–1959. Gretna, LA: Pelican. ISBN 0-88289-961-9. 
  • Darlene R. Roth and Andy Ambrose. Metropolitan Frontiers: A short history of Atlanta. Atlanta: Longstreet Press, 1996. An overview of the city's history with an emphasis on its growth.
  • Sjoquist, Dave (ed.) The Atlanta Paradox. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 2000.
  • Stone, Clarence. Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946–1988. University Press of Kansas. 1989.
  • Elise Reid Boylston. Atlanta: Its Lore, Legends and Laughter. Doraville: privately printed, 1968. Lots of neat anecdotes about the history of the city.
  • Frederick Allen. Atlanta Rising. Atlanta: Longstreet Press, 1996. A detailed history of Atlanta from 1946 to 1996, with much about City Councilman, later Mayor, William B. Hartsfield's work in making Atlanta a major air transport hub, and about the American Civil Rights Movement as it affected (and was affected by) Atlanta.

[edit] External links

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